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Cancer Biomarkers
Published in Trevor F. Cox, Medical Statistics for Cancer Studies, 2022
We start with ALB as a potential diagnostic biomarker for HCC. Its range is from 20 to 53 with a median value of 42. Let us use a cut-point, c, of the biomarker values, so that a patient is classified as HCC if and as CLD if . We take a sequence of cut-point ALB values from 20 to 42 and for each value classify the patients into HCC and CLD groups. Then we calculate Se and Sp for each cut-point. As the cut-points increase, Se decreases and Sp increases. We could plot Se against Sp to visualise the relationship between them. We do not do that, but plot Se against 1-Sp, equivalent to the TPR against the FPR, as this is the convention. The resulting curve is the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). To produce the curve, it is best to use the ordered ALB values in the total dataset as the sequence of cut-points to be used.
Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Muhammad Imran, Abdur Rauf, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Saud Bawazeer, Seema Patel, Zafar Ali Shah
The flavonoid C-glycosides retarded paw edema and ear edema, which were induced by carrageenan and xylene, correspondingly. In the acute hepatitis tests, Abrus mollis extracts (AME) decreased the elevated amount of ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) induced by CC14 and β-D-galactosamine-(D-Ga1N-). Histopathological portions of liver in CC14-stimulated hepatic fibrosis model revealed that AME curtailed liver injury in the induced experimented model. Liver functionality were also enhanced as validated by reduced serum AST, ALT, ALP, liver index, TBIL (total bilirubin), and hydroxyproline contents and elevated serum glutathione and ALB levels [14].
Integrating Homeopathy in Mainstream Medicine: Homeopathy in Cancer Management
Published in Anne George, Snigdha S. Babu, M. P. Ajithkumar, Sabu Thomas, Holistic Healthcare. Volume 2: Possibilities and Challenges, 2019
In brief, the patient was exclusively on homeopathic treatment till last. On the basis of his presenting complaints, Ars. Alb. 30 in repeated doses brought back the greatly prostrated, bed-ridden, anorexic patient on his feet. Further, under the stimulation of Lycopodium 200, his constitutional remedy, in infrequent doses, Chelidonium, mother tincture an organ specific remedy along with Carcinosin 1 M, as an intercurrent remedy, has given him the strength of the body and mind to fight back the progressive, irreversible advance pathology of the vital organ, as indicated by his clinical assessment and confirmed by the periodic laboratory findings.
Clinical value of procalcitonin-to-albumin ratio for identifying sepsis in neonates with pneumonia
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Tiewei Li, Xiaojuan Li, Zhiwei Zhu, Xinrui Liu, Geng Dong, Zhe Xu, Min Zhang, Ying Zhou, Jianwei Yang, Junmei Yang, Panpan Fang, Xiaoliang Qiao
Infection/inflammation and malnutrition are common in patients with sepsis [8–12]. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a specific biomarker of infection/inflammation and can aid clinicians in diagnosing sepsis [13,14]. Albumin (ALB) is the most abundant circulating protein synthesized by the liver hepatocytes and is generally regarded as a nutritional indicator. Recent studies have demonstrated that ALB is closely correlated with inflammation, and hypoalbuminemia was frequently seen in patients with inflammatory diseases [15–18]. PCT to ALB ratio (PAR) is an index calculated as the PCT level divided by the ALB level, which can indicate both the body infection, inflammation, and nutritional status. Recently, Chen et al. [19] studied PCT and ALB and found that PAR was a predictive biomarker of mortality in adult patients with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. However, so far, there is no research regarding the clinical value of PAR in identifying sepsis from pneumonia in neonates. This study aimed to investigate the clinical role of PAR in identifying these two clinical entities.
Pretreatment Depressive Status Associated with Poor Nutrition and Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Xiaodan Xiao, Siyin Huang, Chengju Gan, Xiaoli Quan, Yali Xiang, Baojia Zheng
One of the most popular metrics for assessing patients’ nutritional condition and predicting the prognosis of breast cancer was the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) (9). This was measured using a straightforward formula that only required the serum Alb level and the peripheral blood lymphocyte cell count. The formula for calculating the PNI values is as follows: PNI = [10 × serum Alb value (g/dl) +0.005 × total lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood/mm3] (25). Another well-known prognostic index is the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). The presence of a high NLR has been associated with increased mortality in several malignancies (26). It has been reported that a high NLR was a simple prognostic indicator that might link a poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with breast cancer (27).
Development and validation of a nomogram for early assessment the severity of acute pancreatitis
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Guang-hua Liu, Jie Chen, Ling-qian Li, Xi-sha Huan, Ping Lei
Nomogram is widely performed as a prognostic device by assigning each indicator a relative risk score or according to its contribution to prognosis [12]. In our study, clinical characteristics and laboratory data of AP patients were collected, four independent predictors (ALB, Ca2+, NLR and SIRS) were eventually assembled to construct a predicting nomogram. ALB is a natural plasma protein only synthesized by liver but can be catabolized in most organs. Abnormal low level of ALB signals act as a pivotal starter in the pathogenesis of AP [13]. It was proved to be a good indicator of POF in AP [14]. Studies also showed that serum ALB level could be a useful biomarker in assessing the severity of AP [15,16]. Several reasons may attributed to the decrease of ALB in SAP: the ability of biosynthesis of ALB in liver is weak while the consumption is accelerated; ALB permeates into tissue space because of high vasopermeability in the progress of stress response [14]. Our data suggested that ALB with an OR of 0.891 (95% CI 0.867–0.917) was independently associated with SAP.