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Breast Imaging with 99mTc-Tetrofosmin
Published in Raymond Taillefer, Iraj Khalkhali, Alan D. Waxman, Hans J. Biersack, Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast, 2021
Enrico del Vecchio, Luigi Mansi, Pier Francesco Rambaldi, Vincenzo Cuccurullo, Biagio Pecori, Mario Quarantelli, Decio Capobianco, Marco Bresciani
TF is supplied as vials containing sterile lyophihzed powder for reconstitution with sodium pertechnetate (99mTc). Each vial contains 0.23 mg tetrofosmin, 0.03 mg stannous chloride dihydrate, 0.32 mg disodium sulphosalicylate, 1.0 mg sodium D-gluconate, and 1.8 mg sodium hydrogen carbonate, sealed under nitrogen. Prior to reconstitution, TF vials must be stored at 2 to 8°C and protected from light. Each vial has to be reconstituted with 4 to 8 ml of a 99mTc solution at a radioactive concentration not exceeding 1.1 GBq/ml (30 mCi/ml), prepared by diluting the eluate from a 99mTc generator with a 0.9% sodium chloride injectable solution. The vial should then be gently shaken to ensure complete dissolution of the lyophilized power and allowed to stand at room temperature (15 to 25°C) for 15 min. Radiochemical purity should be determined prior to use. The reconstituted solution can be stored at room temperature and used within 8 hours.
Definition of HLA-Dw Determinants Using Homozygous Typing Cells and the Mixed Lymphocyte Culture
Published in M. Kam, Jeffrey L. Bidwell, Handbook of HLA TYPING TECHNIQUES, 2020
After washing, the cells are resuspended at a concentration of 6 × 106/ml for responders and 10 × 106/ml for the stimulator HTCs in precooled (4°C) RPMI containing 40% AB serum and 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Aliquots of 0.5 ml of this suspension are dispensed into labeled 2 ml freezing vials. The vials are kept on ice until they are frozen (as soon as possible) using a controlled rate freezing machine with programmed steps. Cells can also be frozen by placing them in a polystyrene box in a -70°C freezer overnight. After the freezing process, the vials are transferred to liquid nitrogen storage (see Chapter 2).
Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Published in Niel T. Constantine, Johnny D. Callahan, Douglas M. Watts, Retroviral Testing, 2020
Niel T. Constantine, Johnny D. Callahan, Douglas M. Watts
Organization in the laboratory is essential. When a blood specimen is submitted for HIV testing, all information is entered into the laboratory log book, and the specimen is centrifuged. The serum or plasma is then separated into a vial suitable for testing and storage. Ideally, this vial should be able to hold at least 1 ml of serum, a volume more than adequate for screening and confirmation. Prior to testing, samples may be stored up to 1 week at 4°C or until all testing is completed. Once the sample has been tested, it may be stored at -20°C for years. A serum bank can be established in which frozen samples are neatly stored in order by accession number. A log book containing all pertinent information should be capable of identifying all stored samples. Samples should not be repeatedly thawed and refrozen, because this process can denature proteins and lead to inaccurate results. If repeated testing is anticipated, the contents of the original vial may be subdivided into several vials and identically labeled in order to preserve sample integrity.
Development of lipid nanoparticles for transdermal loteprednol etabonate delivery
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Burcu Üner, Samet Özdemir, Çetin Taş, Yıldız Özsoy, Melike Üner
Lipid nanoparticle (SLN and NLC) formulations were produced by hot homogenisation and ultrasonication method at 80 °C (Table 1, Khames et al.2019). Cetyl stearyl alcohol, Compritol® 888 ATO, oleic acid, and Lutrol® F68 were chosen as solid or liquid lipids and surfactants. The solid lipid and the drug were dissolved in 5 mL methanol with a vortex mixer (IKA, Germany) for the production of drug-loaded SLN formulations. Methanol was removed by using a rotary evaporator (Heidolph, Germany) and the drug-loaded lipid layer was melted by heating at 80 °C. The hot aqueous surfactant solution was added to the melt in a water bath (Isolab, Germany) and the mixture was homogenised under 10 000 rpm high-shear stirring at 80 °C for 10 min. The hot coarse emulsion was then sonicated using a probe sonicator (Bandelin, Sonopuls, Germany) at 75% amplitude for 7 min. In the case of drug-loaded NLC production, liquid lipid was added to the lipid phase reducing the fraction of solid lipid (1.5:3.5, w/w), that is, the total lipid content stayed unchanged. Placebo SLN and NLC were also produced under the same conditions. Formulations were transferred into silanised vials and tightly sealed.
Waste Not, Want Not: The quest to rid of oncology drug waste
Published in Oncology Issues, 2021
Melody Chang, RPh, MBA, BCOP, director of Pharmacy Operations at Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, also believes more can be done to cut drug waste. She says getting manufacturers to address the waste inherent in packaging single-use vials is crucial. “When manufacturers package drugs in a limited quantity of strengths, they are most often only packaged as single dose vials (SDV), so you have no choice but to discard the leftover portion,” explains Chang. “According to the CDC, vials labeled by the manufacturer as ‘single dose’ can only be used for a single patient and should not be shared with the next patient. Even though Medicare and almost all commercial payers will pay for the leftover amount that is discarded, patients also share the costs based on all of the drug in the vial, not the amount they received. If manufacturers could be more thoughtful in the design of vials, starting when investigators develop dosing strategies in the early phases of clinical trials and creating more multi-dose vials, there would be less waste from the start.”
Impact of Fc N-linked glycans on in vivo clearance of an immunoglobulin G1 antibody produced by NS0 cell line
Published in mAbs, 2020
Jun Kim, Haibin Luo, Wendy White, William Rees, Raghavan Venkat, Methal Albarghouthi
For purification of immobilized anti-mAb1 antibody on an affinity column, mobile phase A was 20 mM Tris, pH 7.5 (or pH 7.4) and mobile phase B was 500 mM arginine, 50 mM Tris, pH 7.3. Mobile phase C was 100 mM acetic acid, pH 2.7. An injection volume of up to 950 μL was used, and the flow rate was 0.2 mL/min during loading, 0.5 mL/min during arginine wash and elution, and 0.8 mL/min during wash after elution. A stepped gradient with 100% mobile phase C was applied at 40.01 min for 13 min. The run time was 70 min. Eluted fraction was collected between 45.7 and 51.0 min in two vials. Collection vials contained 50 µL of 1 M Tris, pH 8.0, before collection. Approximately 2.5 mL was collected in two vials. Fractions were pooled before spinning in a Vivaspin 6 centrifugal concentrator (Sigma Aldrich) with a molecular weight cutoff of 30 K for 20 min at 3,500 × g. One milliliter of 20 mM phosphate, pH 6.5, was added, and the fractions were spun for 20 min at 3,500 × g. This step was then repeated once more for buffer exchange. The final sample volume of approximately 50 µL was then brought to a volume of approximately 100 μL with 20 mM phosphate, pH 6.5, for loading on a WCX column.