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Global Oral Health and Inequalities
Published in Vincent La Placa, Julia Morgan, Social Science Perspectives on Global Public Health, 2023
Oral diseases are a global public health issue. They are among the most prevalent diseases in the world and have a considerable effect on people’s quality of life. Oral diseases also create a significant economic burden for society (Peterson et al., 2005). Of all oral diseases, the most common are dental caries, periodontal disease, and cancers of the oral cavity, including the lips. Worldwide, oral diseases affect 3.9 billion people and untreated caries in adults was found to be the most prevalent condition in the Global Burden of Disease Study (UN, 2011; Marcenes et al., 2013; Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network, 2016). They also share common risk factors with other non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which have increased sharply in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Poor oral health can indicate low socio-economic status, poverty, and lack of access to services, with oral health inequality increasing. This chapter will focus on health inequalities and the burden of oral disease globally, also linking it to the process of the globalisation of health and lifestyle.
Oral Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Marcia Ramos-e-Silva, José Wilson Accioly Filho, Sueli Carneiro, Nurimar Conceição Fernandes
Oral mucosal and semi-mucosal diseases are frequently observed disorders. While they may be isolated findings, sometimes, they reflect a systemic disease. It is very important to maintain good oral health. Periodic examination of the mouth should be mandatory at least at 6-month intervals.
Clinical assessment and management of eating, drinking and swallowing in older people
Published in Rebecca Allwood, Working with Communication and Swallowing Difficulties in Older Adults, 2022
Tips for a good oral care routine include the following:Brush your teeth twice a day using a fluoride toothpaste.Use a soft- to medium-headed toothbrush.Brush all surfaces of your teeth and where the teeth meet your gums.Brush your tongue as well as brushing your teeth.Floss between your teeth daily.Spit out the toothpaste rather than rinsing your mouth out after brushing.Reduce sugar intake.Attend regular dental check-ups.Look out for any abnormalities in your mouth, such as lumps, any patches of discolouration or ulcers that do not heal. Contact your doctor if you notice these symptoms or any other unusual symptoms.
Oral health status in individuals with Down syndrome
Published in Libyan Journal of Medicine, 2022
Roba Elrefadi, Hawwa Beaayou, Khadiga Herwis, Ahmed Musrati
The study investigated the oral hygiene status and practice of a group of individuals with DS in the city of Benghazi, Libya. A few articles about DS in Libya are found in the literature. DS arises due to an extra copy of chromosome 21, which can lead to characteristic abnormal features in the facial region such as macroglossia, low muscle tone beside short stature and intellectual incapacity [1]. Oral health issues are of special concern and represent a major problem for these individuals compared to the general population. High rates of periodontal disease, dental caries, missing teeth, prolonged retention of primary teeth, supernumerary teeth, and malocclusion are all indicators of reduced oral health in this population [27]. Therefore, assessment of oral hygiene status and practice of this group is a basic requirement in preparing dental health education programs for such patients to improve their oral health status.
Integrative multiomics analysis reveals host-microbe-metabolite interplays associated with the aging process in Singaporeans
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Liwei Chen, Tingting Zheng, Yifan Yang, Prem Prashant Chaudhary, Jean Pui Yi Teh, Bobby K. Cheon, Daniela Moses, Stephan C. Schuster, Joergen Schlundt, Jun Li, Patricia L. Conway
Daily oral hygiene habits (e.g., frequency of toothbrushing, efficacy of plaque removal) are constantly influencing the oral microflora throughout life. Toothbrushing and flossing can be powerful means to disrupt plaque and maintain healthy oral ecosystems. It was found that individuals who brush their teeth once per day have a higher Shannon index than those who brush more than once per day.69 Poor oral hygiene might lead to an overgrowth of pathogenic microorganisms and the entry of oral microorganisms to the lower respiratory tract.70 Multiple studies indicating oral health and oral hygiene behavior have a direct impact on the oral microbiome71,72 and influence the balance of gut microbiome.73 Oral hygiene habits should be taken into account for future microbiome studies, especially oral microbiome studies.
Profile of the oral microbiota from preconception to the third trimester of pregnancy and its association with oral hygiene practices
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
Xuena La, Hong Jiang, An Chen, Huajun Zheng, Liandi Shen, Weiyi Chen, Fengyun Yang, Lifeng Zhang, Xushan Cai, Hongfang Mao, Lu Cheng
A self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out to collect the women’s demographic information, disease history, and oral hygiene practices after the baseline recruitment in preconception. Oral hygiene practices included 1) daily tooth brushing frequency, 2) duration of tooth brushing per time, 3) whether to rinse the mouth after meals or sweets, and 4) whether to use dental floss after meals. This information was collected at preconception to reflect the women’s routine dental care habits. Furthermore, information regarding frequent bleeding during brushing of the teeth was collected at both the preconception baseline and the follow-up questionnaire survey in the third trimester during pregnancy. Preconception women were offered a free oral examination by a detal professional after baseline recruitment. Periodontal disease in this study was defined as: a presence of any site exhibiting probing depth (PD) >3 mm or clinical attachment loss (CAL) >3 mm [20]. The experience of oral health care after preconception baseline examination was collected in the third trimester during pregnancy.