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Determination
Published in David Woolley, Adam Woolley, Practical Toxicology, 2017
For genotoxicity tests in whole animals, doses are chosen according to the known acute toxicity of the test substance. The route of administration is chosen according to the expected route of exposure in humans but is normally oral or by intravenous or intraperitoneal injection. For in vivo tests, such as the micronucleus test in rodents, it is necessary to prove exposure of the target cells (normally bone marrow) to the test substance by analysis of plasma samples. Additional animals may be necessary for this. Although it may be reasonable to assume that intravenous injection is associated with target cell exposure, where compounds are precipitated or rapidly transformed in the plasma, this assumption may be misplaced. Exposure is less certain with intraperitoneal injection and even less so with oral dosing. However, it is generally assumed that the plasma concentrations of the test substance give a good indication of the concentrations to which the target cells in the bone marrow or liver are exposed, as these tissues have a good blood supply.
Experimental Methodology
Published in Donna J. Clemons, Jennifer L. Seeman, The Laboratory GUINEA PIG, 2016
Donna J. Clemons, Jennifer L. Seeman
Intraperitoneal injection of compounds is also useful for large volumes (10 to 15 mL).137 However, there exists the risk of puncture of the intestines or urinary bladder and possible peritonitis.171
Clinical Application of the Avidin-Biotin System for Tumor Targeting
Published in David M. Goldenberg, Cancer Therapy with Radiolabeled Antibodies, 1995
Giovanni Paganelli, Patrizia Magnani, Antonio G. Siccardi, Ferruccio Fazio
Intraperitoneal injection has been proposed to increase tumor to non-tumor ratio in intraperitoneal disease and i.p. to i.v. advantage has been described in humans.22 When MoAbs or biotinylated MoAbs are injected i.p., there is a rapid localization of antibodies onto peritoneal tumor implants while most of the immunoglobulins which do not specifically bind onto the tumor leave the peritoneal cavity through the lymphatic system and from this penetrate into the blood pool. The specific binding of the antibody onto the tumor could be exploited at best by delaying the delivery of the diagnostic label (or therapeutic agent) to a time when the tumor to normal tissue ratios are at their maximum value.
Discovery of potent heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors: structure-based virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulation, and biological evaluation
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Yonghua Xu, Yunting Zou, Shasha Zhou, Miao-Miao Niu, Yan Zhang, Jindong Li, Zhen Xu, Li Yang
All experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University. According to the experimental method reported previously37, cultured cells of HCT-116 were washed with D-Hank’s solution and prepared as a suspension at a concentration of 106 cells/mL in culture medium. The cells were injected subcutaneously into the right side of BALB/c nude mice. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, low-dose treatment group (5 mg/kg), and high-dose treatment group (10 mg/kg). Each group was treated with the intraperitoneal injection of inhibitors. The tumour was measured every three days, and the tumour volume was calculated using the formula (c × c × d)/2 (c, the smallest diameter; d, the largest diameter).
Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) of Murine H22 Cells Induced by Lentinan
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Wen Wang, Xin Yang, Chong Li, Yandong Li, Haibo Wang, Xue Han
Intraperitoneal injection was performed by a single researcher. Briefly, mice were restrained by firmly grasping the skin over the dorsal neck by using the thumb and forefinger of the handler’s nondominant hand, with the tail held between the palm and ring finger of the same hand. The mouse’s head was tilted downward and the needle inserted at an angle of approximately 30° to the abdominal wall, on the left of midline in the caudal left abdominal quadrant. A fresh 25-gauge, 3/4-in. needle was used for each mouse, and the needle was inserted no more than 0.5 cm into the abdomen (26). The injected volume was standardized at 0.2 mL and concentration of injected H22 cells was 1 × 106 cells/mL. About a week later, when the mouse's abdominal cavity was obviously raised, the ascites were collected to prepare H22 cell suspension.
Investigating the fate and toxicity of green synthesized gold nanoparticles in albino mice
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Nosaibah Akkam, Alaa A. A. Aljabali, Yazan Akkam, Osama Abo Alrob, Bahaa Al-Trad, Hiba Alzoubi, Murtaza M. Tambuwala, Khalid M. Al-Batayneh
The administration of a 1 mg/kg dose of AuNPs did not affect food consumption, body weight (Figure 4), or mortality rates compared to the control group. The body weights of both groups showed similar patterns over the study period, and no behavioral changes were observed. These results are consistent with previous studies reporting no significant effects of AuNPs on mouse weight [13,30,45–48]. Synthesis methods, doses, and study durations can influence outcomes, leading to varying results. The use of modified AuNPs, like PEG-coated nanoparticles, further contributes to result variability. However, contrasting previous studies, it has been observed that intraperitoneal injection of AuNPs at concentrations between 135 and 2200 µg/kg/day for 28 days caused a concentration-dependent decrease in mouse body weight [28,49]. The route of administration can affect toxicity outcomes, and intraperitoneal injection is known to have minimal impact on body weight changes [28]. Figure 4 shows the body weight changes in mice treated with 50 nm/1 mg/kg AuNPs. Measurements were taken every 2 days, and the data represent the mean ± standard deviation of 10 mice. Statistical analysis indicated that the differences between the treatment and control groups were not significant (p < .05). This study provides important insights into the negligible impact of 50 nm/1 mg/kg AuNPs on body weight, adding to existing literature [36,50,51]. This study contributes to our understanding of AuNPs’ impact on weight and emphasizes the importance of considering experimental conditions and nanoparticle properties when assessing their potential toxicity.