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Induction of Anesthesia
Published in Michele Barletta, Jane Quandt, Rachel Reed, Equine Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2023
Kristen Messenger, Rachel Reed
Tiletamine and zolazepam: These two drugs come pre-mixed under the trade names of Telazol and Zoletil. The induction has similar attributes compared to ketamine and midazolam but has been associated with prolonged recoveries.
Surgical Facilities, Peri-Operative Care, Anesthesia, and Surgical Techniques
Published in Yuehuei H. An, Richard J. Friedman, Animal Models in Orthopaedic Research, 2020
Alison C. Smith, M. Michael Swindle
Dissociative agents include ketamine and the combination agent tiletamine-zolazepam (Tela-zol).20 These agents may be used to induce animals into a state of dissociative anesthesia causing them to be unaware of their surroundings but with only mild analgesia. Animals will not have muscle relaxation and will have mild clonic/tonic types of muscular activity. These agents are extremely useful for chemical restraint of approximately 20 min. in most species. They may be used as part of a general anesthesia protocol when combined with other agents. Their use as general anesthetics is discussed under injectable agents. Ketamine causes a transient tachycardia with minimal hemodynamic effects. The cardiovascular effects of Telazol may be more pronounced in some species.11-16
Expression of Claudin-4 in Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Experimental Lung Transplantation
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Antonia Luna-Flores, J. Raúl Olmos-Zuñiga, Rogelio Jasso-Victoria, Miguel Gaxiola-Gaxiola, Teresa Aguirre-Pérez, Victor Ruiz, Rogelio García-Torrentera, Mariana Silva-Martínez, Edgar Zenteno, Gabriel Gutierrez-Ospina, Patricio Santillan-Doherty
All procedures were performed under general anesthesia. Restraint and management were achieved using tiletamine-zolazepam (4 mg/kg, IM. Zoletil, Virbac, Carros, France). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (4 mg/kg, IV. Recofol, PISA, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico). Animals were maintained under anesthesia during surgery with 2% isoflurane (Forane, Abbott Mexico S.A. de C.V., Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico) and fentanyl (0.1 mg/kg, IV. Fentanest, Janssen-Cilag, Puebla, Mexico) as analgesics. Animals were maintained under ventilation with an mechanical ventilator (AVEA, Vyasis Respiratory Care Inc., Palm Springs, CA, USA) in assist-control mode at a frequency of 15 breaths per min, tidal volume of 8 mL/kg, fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2%) of 50% to maintain a peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) of at least 90% and normal pO2 and pCO2 levels, trigger of 2, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cmH2O, and inspiration:expiration ratio of 1:2 s. At the end of the LTx, the lungs were ventilated with the same FiO2, and only the respiratory rate was adjusted (increased) to maintain a pCO2 level between 35 and 40 mmHg [24].
Predicting ablation zones with multislice volumetric 2-D magnetic resonance thermal imaging
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Zahabiya Campwala, Benjamin Szewczyk, Teresa Maietta, Rachel Trowbridge, Matthew Tarasek, Chitresh Bhushan, Eric Fiveland, Goutam Ghoshal, Tamas Heffter, Katie Gandomi, Paulo Alberto Carvalho, Christopher Nycz, Erin Jeannotte, Michael Staudt, Julia Nalwalk, Abigail Hellman, Zhanyue Zhao, E. Clif Burdette, Gregory Fischer, Desmond Yeo, Julie G. Pilitsis
For each subject, general anesthesia was induced with a combination of injectable anesthetics. Powdered tiletamine and zolazepam (100 mg/mL) was reconstituted using 2.5 mL ketamine (100 mg/mL) and 2.5 mL xylazine, and administered intramuscularly. The subject was then intubated and maintained with isoflurane at 1–5% in 1 L/min of oxygen. The scalp was then prepped and draped in sterile fashion. A paramedian incision was marked and the area was infiltrated with 5 mL of bupivacaine prior to incision. A #10 blade was used to make an incision and bovie electrocautery was used to dissect down to the calvarium. A Penfield #1 was used to elevate the periosteum from the calvarium, and self-retaining retractors were placed. A Midas Rex high-speed drill (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) was used to create roughly 1 cm right, left, or bilateral frontal burr holes (Table 1). The edges of the burr hole were undercut using a #2 Kerrison. The dura was then opened using a #11 blade in a cruciate fashion, and the dural edges were coagulated using bovie electrocautery. The pia was coagulated using bovie electrocautery followed by a small corticotomy using the #11 blade. The wound was then irrigated using sterile saline and small piece of Surgifoam (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA) was placed in the burr holes to minimize cerebrospinal fluid egress. The incision was then temporarily closed with Dermalon sutures in a serial interrupted fashion.
Dexamethasone delivery for hearing preservation in animal cochlear implant model: continuity, long-term release, and fast release rate
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Min Young Lee, Young Cheol Kim, Jongmoon Jang, Jae Yun Jung, Hongsoo Choi, Jeong Hun Jang, Yun-Hoon Choung
Guinea pigs were anesthetized intramuscularly with Zolazepam (Zoletil; Virbac, Carros Cedex, France) and Xylazine (Rompun; Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany) which were mixed in a 1:3 ratio (0.1 mL/100 g). A post-auricular incision was made, and the overlying muscle tissue was dissected to expose the posterior bulla. A hole was drilled through the bulla to expose the round window. A linear incision was made in the round-window membrane using a pick and a sterilized dummy electrode (manufactured from the Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology [DGIST], Daegu, Korea; shaft diameter, 0.64 mm; tip diameter, 0.43 mm) inserted into the scala tympani until resistance was encountered (approximate inserted depth of 5 mm; Figure 1). The electrodes were composed of silicone rubber, and safety of the component was proven (http://www.hrssilicone.com/_html/index.php). To minimize mortality and morbidity, all animals were kept on warm platforms until completely awake and placed in animal intensive care devices overnight.