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Catastrophic haemorrhage
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Chris Wright, Trauma Care Pre-Hospital Manual, 2018
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Chris Wright
Zeolite is biologically inert but needs physical removal following use due to the risk of delayed granuloma or abscess formation (12). In the first generation of Quikclot, granular zeolite was designed to be poured into a wound cavity. Whilst effective as a haemostatic agent, it had a number of disadvantages including thermal injury to surrounding skin as a result of the exothermic reaction, and the practical limitation of only being able to pour downwards into wounds. There was also a risk of the material being blown into the eyes of those treating the casualty. This drove the development of second-generation dressings such as the Quikclot Advanced Clotting Sponge (Quikclot ACS) and the Quikclot Advanced Clotting Sponge Plus (Quikclot ACS+) in which zeolite beads are packaged within a mesh bag. The mesh bag permits application to wounds at any orientation and minimises the risk of thermal burns to surrounding skin by containing the product within the wound. Quikclot ACS+ uses a re-engineered formula that is less exothermic and has interior baffles within the dressing to ensure equal distribution of the beads. It also has the addition of a silicon rod within the bag for ease of location on wound radiographs. All Quikclot products require the application of direct pressure over the wound for a minimum of 3 minutes following application of the dressing.
Radionuclides in water *
Published in Jamie Bartram, Rachel Baum, Peter A. Coclanis, David M. Gute, David Kay, Stéphanie McFadyen, Katherine Pond, William Robertson, Michael J. Rouse, Routledge Handbook of Water and Health, 2015
Water utilities often choose to use an alternative water supply or to blend the water in a controlled manner with another water source, with lower concentrations of radionuclides, in cases where the original water supply has unacceptably high concentrations of radionuclides. When these replacement sources are not available, water treatment options like coagulation, sedimentation, and sand filtration can remove up to 100 percent of the suspended radionuclides. Water softening, using lime-soda ash, is also effective at reducing radionuclides with removal efficiencies related to the specific radionuclide and the proportion of radionuclides associated with particulates. Additional, and often more expensive, methods to reduce radionuclide concentrations include charcoal filtration, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and use of natural zeolites (WHO, 2011).
Radionuclide Concentrations in Soils lution-Processed Organic Solar Cells
Published in Michael Pöschl, Leo M. L. Nollet, Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment, 2006
Agriculture soil contamination is probably the most relevant event because radionuclides could reach humans via the food chain. The application of mineral and chemical adsorbents to soils is intended to reduce the phytoavailability of radionuclides in the soil. Natural and synthetic zeolites are some of the best candidates for this purpose. Ammonium-ferric-hexacyano-ferrate(II) is another chemical that is believed to have great potential.
Integrating inert dusts with other technologies in stored products protection
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Masumeh Ziaee, Asgar Ebadollahi, Waqas Wakil
Apart from the advantages of IDIs, their use also has disadvantages and limitations. The high dose rate of IDIs may lead to loss of grain bulk density and flowability. IDIs potency reduced in conditions of high humidity and grain moisture content. Under conditions of increased humidity, DE and zeolite particles absorb moisture from air resulted in insects recovery of water losses and decreases in IDIs insecticidal efficiency (Fields 1998, Kljajić et al. 2011). An increase in the use of IDIs in silos and warehouses requires an examination of the safety issues of these formulations. The inhalation of any dust presents a health hazard to exposed workers and appropriate dust masks should be worn. For all DE-based IDIs, the crystalline components of the DE employed, quartz and crystobalite, should also be maintained at very low levels as it is these components that cause specific lung diseases (Desmarchelier and Allen 1998). Zeolites have crystalline ingredients and small particles which limited its commercial application (Andrić et al. 2012). Inert dusts including DE and natural zeolites, at the highest application rates, significantly reduced hectoliter wheat grain mass in grain silos and storage (Kljajić et al. 2011). Moreover, reduction in wheat test weight and higher amount of silicon dioxide (SiO2) was recorded in treated wheat lots, because of IDIs accumulation in grains interior through holes and cracks produced by S. oryzae (Bodroža-Solarov et al. 2012). To overcome these limitations, IDIs are recommended be applied in combination with other control techniques
Gellable silk fibroin-polyethylene sponge for hemostasis
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Wei Wei, Jian Liu, ZhiBin Peng, Min Liang, YanSong Wang, XiaoQin Wang
With the rapid development of science and technology, research on medical haemostatic materials has made great progress in recent years [2–6]. Zeolite, chitosan, and gelatine are commonly used as medical hemostasis materials. However, some of the side effects of zeolite include fever and burns [7]. Extraction of chitosan is additionally difficult, and the material is expensive [8]. Gelatine readily causes allergic reactions, and can increase wound infection rates and inflammatory responses [9]. Novel haemostatic materials are needed. The development of a material with good biocompatibility, abundant sources, and excellent haemostatic properties would have considerable clinical significance.
Towards osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells on PCL-PEG-PCL/zeolite nanofibrous scaffolds
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Mahdieh Alipour, Marziyeh Aghazadeh, Abolfazl Akbarzadeh, Zahra Vafajoo, Zahra Aghazadeh, Vahideh Raeisdasteh Hokmabad
Zeolite molecules have been used as an antibacterial agent, drug carrier and anti-cancer agent [22]. The surface of zeolite nanoparticles in contact with physiological fluid could be covered by a layer of biomaterials such as calcium and phosphate ions, which could enhance the cell adhesion, collagen formation and apatite crystallization. Therefore, zeolite nanoparticles could be considered as osteoinductive materials [23].