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Tropical Herbs and Spices as Functional Foods with Antidiabetic Activities
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Arijit Nath, Rasul Hafiz Ansar Suleria, Plant-Based Functional Foods and Phytochemicals, 2021
Arnia Sari Mukaromah, Fitria Susilowati
Tamarind seed also contains edible mucoadhesive polysaccharide (such as: tamarind xyloglucan (TGX)), which has beneficial as dietary fiber and as thickener or stabilizer in the food industry. Xyloglucan enhanced lipid metabolism in the rat by reducing total cholesterol, β-lipoprotein, total lipid, phospholipid, and adipose tissue weight [110]. Xyloglucan has an important function to attenuate inflammation and healing of ulcerative colitis by the mucoadhesive process and it has antioxidant properties [78, 79]. Therefore, the polyphenol-rich seeds of tamarind and their aqueous extract can be developed as new herbal drug for diabetes therapy [96].
Application of Bioresponsive Polymers in Drug Delivery
Published in Deepa H. Patel, Bioresponsive Polymers, 2020
Manisha Lalan, Deepti Jani, Pratiksha Trivedi, Deepa H. Patel
Suishaa et al. evaluated thermoreversible gels formed by xyloglucan polysaccharide derived from tamarind seed as a sustained-release vehicle for the administration of mitomycin C intraperitoneally. Administration of mitomycin C to rats in a 1.5% (w/w) xyloglucan gel intraperitoneally resulted in a broad concentration-time profile for this drug in ascites and the plasma over a 3-h time period as compared to a narrow peak and rapid disappearance from both sites after intraperitoneal administration of drug as a solution [144].
Injectable and adhesive hydrogels for dealing with wounds
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2022
Parisa Ghandforoushan, Nasim Golafshan, Firoz Babu Kadumudi, Miguel Castilho, Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz, Gorka Orive
Hu et al. developed an injectable pH- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive hydrogel with self-repairing and remodeling capacity to achieve release of drugs in the inflammation site. This inflammation-responsive smart hydrogel composed of alginate-hyaluronic acid and preloaded micelles by naproxen and amikacin showed excellent anti-inflammatory activity as well as antibacterial activity. The drug release studies showed that inflammation-responsive amikacin and naproxen released with high potency (over 80% at 24 h) from the hydrogel. These smart injectable hydrogels are promising candidate in wound care and opens the door for further functionalization of stimuli-responsive hydrogels [146]. In another study by Ajovalasit and the colleagues, xyloglucan-based hydrogel developed for wound dressing applications. The gelling property of Xyloglucan is high. Glycerol was added to provide flexibility for hydrogel and PVA to increase the swelling property and porosity of hydrogels. This non-cytotoxic composite film has the ability to integrate a sensor into its structure which can be used in animal model studies to monitor the wound healing process [147].
New drugs in early-stage clinical trials for allergic rhinitis
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2019
Enrico Heffler, Luisa Brussino, Stefano Del Giacco, Giovanni Paoletti, Paola Lucia Minciullo, Gilda Varricchi, Guy Scadding, Luca Malvezzi, Armando De Virgilio, Giuseppe Spriano, Francesca Puggioni, Monica Fornero, Giovanni Rolla, Giorgio Walter Canonica
Another novel therapeutic strategy is a medical device containing xyloglucan, a natural hemicellulose extracted from the seeds of the tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica). In 2017, De Servi et al. have designed an in vitro study [15] to assess the barrier-preserving properties of xyloglucan spray in the airway tissue model MucilAir (organotypic 3D airway tissue model: pseudostratified cell layer containing mucus-secreting goblet cells and ciliated columnar cells) using Trans-Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER), which is related also to tight junction stability, and Lucifer Yellow assay, which is related to the permeability of intercellular tight junctions of epithelial cells. Upon exposure to xyloglucan, TEER values increased in the actively treated model, while with saline solution, TEER values decreased. Moreover, xyloglucan did not alter cell permeability of MucilAir cells, thus reflecting the integrity of the mucosal barrier. In the presence of pro-inflammatory compounds (Tumor necrosis factor alpha - TNF-α - and lipopolysaccharide - LPS), cell permeability in the negative control (saline solution) increased, while cells treated with xyloglucan maintained low permeability levels (comparable to the values observed before the pro-inflammatory cytokine exposure) [15]. Moreover, they compared the effect of xyloglucan with budesonide nasal spray obtaining similar results in favor of xyloglucan. These results confirm that xyloglucan spray is able to create a protective barrier on nasal cells, avoiding the contact of triggering factors with the nasal mucosal layer and preventing the activation of epithelial cells.
A randomized controlled trial comparing a xyloglucan-based nasal spray with saline in adults with symptoms of rhinosinusitis
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2018
Alessandro Allegrini, Daniele Pavone, Fulvio Carluccio
A new xyloglucan-based rhinological solution has been developed that contains physiological saline solution, methylsulfonylmethane and tamarind seed extract. The tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica) seed extract contains xyloglucan, which forms a protective layer over the sinonasal epithelium. Experiments in intestinal and uroepithelial mucosa models have demonstrated a mucin-like, mechanical barrier effect for this polymer5,6. We performed a clinical trial to compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of the xyloglucan-based nasal spray with physiological saline nasal spray in the treatment of clinical symptoms of rhinosinusitis.