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Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Verbenone, a major component of Verbena officinalis, is metabolized largely by the CYP2A6 isoenzyme and, to a lesser extent, the CYP2B6 isoenzyme in human liver.24 However, the Botanical Safety Handbook notes no known interactions with commonly prescribed medications.25
Biological activity of terpene compounds produced by biotechnological methods
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2016
Roman Paduch, Mariusz Trytek, Sylwia K. Król, Joanna Kud, Maciej Frant, Martyna Kandefer-Szerszeń, Jan Fiedurek
(−)-α-Pinene and its derivative linalool exhibited a low toxicity at concentrations below 150 μg/mL. The mix of (−)-α-pinene derivatives showed a limited toxicity toward normal cells while significantly reducing the viability (NR method) of tumour cells. A similar activity was observed when trans-verbenol and verbenone were compared. Our results showed that trans-verbenol significantly reduced the viability of tumour cells, having no influence on normal cells. Inversely, verbenone had a weak impact on tumour cell cultures, but significantly reduced the viability of normal cells already at low concentrations (50 μg/mL). IC50 values in the tested concentration range (5–500 μg/mL) are presented in Table 3.
Metabolic conversion of β-pinene to β-ionone in rats
Published in Xenobiotica, 2021
Lujain Aloum, Mohammad H. Semreen, Taleb H. Al-Tel, Hamza Al-Hroub, Muath Mousa, Richard L. Jayaraj, Eman Alefishat, Abdu Adem, Georg A Petroianu
Many studies demonstrated that α-pinene and β-pinene exert an array of pharmacological effects such as anticonvulsant (Zamyad et al. 2019), antitumor (Matsuo et al. 2011; Zhang et al. 2015), anticoagulative (Yang et al. 2011), antimicrobial (van Zyl et al. 2006; Rodrigues et al. 2015), anti-inflammatory (Rufino et al. 2014; Kim et al. 2015) and antioxidant (Türkez and Aydın 2016; Karthikeyan et al. 2018). Few studies addressed the pharmacokinetics and metabolic pathways of α-pinene and β-pinene (Salehi et al. 2019). Ishida et al. reported that the urinary metabolites of β-pinene in rabbits include (–)-trans-10-Pinanol (major), (–)-1-p-Menthene-7,8-diol (major), (+)-trans-Pinocarveol, (–)-α-terpineol and myrtenic acid while the urinary metabolites of α-pinene include (–)-trans-verbenol (major), myrtenol and myrtenic acid (Ishida et al. 1981). Similar metabolites were found in brushtail possum; α-pinene oral administration yielded trans-verbenol and myrtenic acid. The latter was isolated in brushtail possum fed with β-pinene (Southwell et al. 1980). In addition, verbenols, verbenone and 4-methyl-2-pentanol were produced in bark beetle exposed to α-pinene (Renwick et al. 1973; Hughes 1975; Renwick et al. 1976) while trans-pinocarveol and pinocarvone were present post treatment with β-pinene (Renwick et al. 1973). Monoterpenoid lactones were detected in the urine of koalas fed α- and β-pinene containing leaf (Southwell 1975). α-pinene urinary metabolites in humans post oral administration included myrtenol and cis- and trans-verbenol. According to the authors, GC–PCI-MS full scan of the urine also revealed three novel metabolites, where one appears to be myrtenic acid (Schmidt and Göen 2017).