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Extended Use and Disinfection of N95 Respirators and Exam Gloves During a Pandemic *
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
R.N. Phalen, J-M. Lachapelle, Y.K. Hamidi
The primary methods used in hospital settings for disinfecting and reuse of N95 respirators include ultraviolet C (UV-C) irradiation within a room or cabinet,5,6 vaporized hydrogen peroxide or hydrogen peroxide gas plasma,7 and heated convection chamber.8 All these methods are well supported in the peer-reviewed literature and by regulatory guidance.
Aircraft Decontamination and Mitigation
Published in Brian J. Lukey, James A. Romano, Salem Harry, Chemical Warfare Agents, 2019
William T. Greer Jr., Angela M.G. Theys, William R. Davis, Kenneth J. Heater
Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizer that decomposes into water and oxygen, leaving no hazardous residue. Vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide (VHP®) has a proven track record of supporting sterilization applications in the medical industry. In 2002, Strategic Technology Enterprises, Inc. (a subsidiary of STERIS Corporation) demonstrated large-scale biological agent decontamination capability at three separate facilities exposed to anthrax:GSA Building 410: Decontamination of interior space (1.4 million cubic feet with contents left in place), completed October 2002U.S. Department of State Building SA-32: Decontamination of interior space (1.5 million cubic feet with contents removed), completed August 2003Offices of National Broadcasting Company, NY: Decontamination of articles removed from premises
Human Noroviruses
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
G. Sanchez, W. Randazzo, D.H. D'Souza
UV light is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible light, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of UVC on food products for controlling surface microorganisms.140 UV dose, food product, and food surface have the greatest impact on HNoV inactivation.141 As described for other technologies, the topography of the food surface has the greatest impact on norovirus inactivation, smoother surfaces being the easiest to decontaminate.89 For example, 5 minutes of UV treatment decreased MNV-1 titers by <1 log on fresh-cut lettuce, while the same treatment achieved ca. 3 log reduction on stainless steel discs. When coupled with other technologies (i.e., vaporized hydrogen peroxide), UV light was indicated as a promising decontamination method for fresh produce.89 Liu et al.142 demonstrated that MNV-1 on blueberries was successfully inactivated (>4 log) when immersed in agitated water during UV treatment (12 J/cm2 water-assisted UV). Lower efficacies (ca. 2.5 log reduction) were reported for dry UV treatment.
COVID-19 challenge: proactive management of a Tertiary University Hospital in Veneto Region, Italy
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2020
Giovanni Carretta, Cristina Contessa, Deris Gianni Boemo, Greta Bordignon, Silvia Eugenia Bennici, Stefano Merigliano, Margherita Boschetto, Alfio Capizzi, Annamaria Cattelan, Francesco Causin, Vito Cianci, Luciano Flor, Alberto Friziero, Paolo Navalesi, Maria Vittoria Nesoti, Anna Maria Saieva, Maria Scapellato, Ivo Tiberio, Roberto Vettor, Andrea Vianello, Renato Salvador, Daniele Donato
Frequency of cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces was increased, and hypochlorite-based products were used at higher concentrations of 0.5% (5000 ppm), according to international guidelines [8]. Rooms where patients with COVID-19 cared for underwent extraordinary sanitization interventions using no-touch technologies (vaporized hydrogen peroxide and silver salts) to supplement terminal cleaning after a patient had been discharged or transferred. Additional training of outsourcing cleaning staff was implemented to reinforce good practices, standard precautions, safe disinfectant preparation, use of equipment and use of dedicated or single-use supplies for COVID-19 ward. We also organized training sessions for healthcare workers to refresh environmental cleaning procedures and adequate use of PPE. Inside the Hospital, high-touch surfaces such as door and window handles, elevator panels, handrails, bathroom surfaces and work surfaces were identified as priority zones and items for disinfection.
VHPKQHR peptide modified magnetic mesoporous nanoparticles for MRI detection of atherosclerosis lesions
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Wan Xu, Shuihua Zhang, Quan Zhou, Wenli Chen
We selected two typical cells of Raw264.7 (immune cell) and MAECs (non-immune cell) to test in vitro nanoparticles toxicity. CCK-8 was used to assess cell viability after incubated with FITC-VHP-Fe3O4@SiO2 (0,10,25,50,100,200 μg/ml) at different concentrations for 24 h. The results demonstrated that the viability of MAECs and Raw264.7 was not affected until the concentration reached 50 μg/ml (p < .05) or 100 μg/ml (p < .001) (Figure 3(b)), respectively, implying the low toxicity of FITC-VHP-Fe3O4@SiO2. The hemocompatibility of the nanoparticles was tested by hemolysis of the erythrocyte rupture rate at different concentrations of FITC-VHP-Fe3O4@SiO2. Our data showed that the hemolysis rate increased slightly after addition of the nanoparticles. However, FITC-VHP-Fe3O4@SiO2 at all concentrations induced <5% lysis of the erythrocyte, indicating that FITC-VHP-Fe3O4@SiO2 has good blood compatibility (Figure 3(a)). All the data suggest that FITC-VHP-Fe3O4@SiO2 has low toxicity in vivo and in vitro and has good blood compatibility.
Infravec2 guidelines for the design and operation of containment level 2 and 3 insectaries in Europe
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2023
Emilie Pondeville, Anna-Bella Failloux, Frederic Simard, Petr Volf, Andrea Crisanti, Roya Elaine Haghighat-Khah, Núria Busquets, Francesc Xavier Abad, Anthony J Wilson, Romeo Bellini, Sarah Marsh Arnaud, Alain Kohl, Eva Veronesi
For emergency disinfections following a spillage, escape of mosquitoes, routine disinfection to allow servicing (once a year is generally enough), change of microorganisms and commission/decommissioning the laboratory, the CL3 should be fumigated (either with formaldehyde, vaporized hydrogen peroxide [VHP] or chlorine dioxide). Sealability of the CL3 or individual rooms therein is therefore paramount to avoid any leakage of these gases. Importantly, the surfaces need to be thoroughly cleaned after fumigation (usually not required for VHP, although a good practice) to avoid any subsequent negative influence on experimenters and mosquitoes in CL3. It is important that pipes/vents are considered when sealability is assessed.