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Envisioning Digital Health and Nursing's Call to Lead Unparalleled Transformation of Person-centered, Connected and Accessible Care
Published in Connie White Delaney, Charlotte A. Weaver, Joyce Sensmeier, Lisiane Pruinelli, Patrick Weber, Nursing and Informatics for the 21st Century – Embracing a Digital World, 3rd Edition, Book 4, 2022
Connie White Delaney, Charlotte A. Weaver, Joyce Sensmeier, Lisiane Pruinelli, Patrick Weber
We have also seen the power of social media's counter-messaging to compete with the explanations and recommendations from science, government leaders and public health officials. Cha and Park (Book 4, Chapter 5) address these issues with examples of various social media strategies and messages that public health and healthcare entities used to proactively counter misinformation and give examples of nurse-led initiatives at community and national levels. Worldwide, we have experienced quarantines and lockdowns with healthcare facilities having to separate COVID-19 patients from their families and loved ones at the door. Nurses responded with creative solutions, such as using mobile phones, iPads and laptops with face-to-face apps, to make family visits possible for desperately needed connectedness and final goodbyes. For those not familiar with these technologies, the young taught the less experienced. As we go to press with this four‑book series, the outcome of the pandemic is still largely unknown. In many countries, including large parts of the world, vaccines are still not available, and even where they are available, we continue to see high incidence and death rates related to COVID-19 due to variants emerging from unvaccinated populations. Consequently, public health officials warn that the possibility of novel, vaccine-resistant, variants emerging is still a threat that looms over our world.
The paradox of vaccine hesitancy and refusal
Published in Peri J. Ballantyne, Kath Ryan, Living Pharmaceutical Lives, 2021
Purposive sampling was used to recruit parents who had recent and varied experiences with vaccinating their children. Posters were placed in local coffee shops; children’s, maternity and health food stores recruited in a variety of middle-class, downtown Toronto neighbourhoods. Middle-class neighbourhoods were targeted as this is the economic demographic within which non-religious vaccine resistance has been identified (Barker et al., 2004; Diekema, 2005; Gust et al., 2008; Jessop, 2010). A range of parental experiences within this demographic was sought: parents who did vaccinate their children, parents who did vaccinate but wish they had not, and parents who refused vaccines. Additional inclusion criteria were: (1) that the participant be able to be interviewed in English; (2) that they be able to provide informed consent and; (3) that they must have been involved with childhood vaccinations within the past 7 years to ensure that the experiences were not too far in the past, and to ensure that the publicly funded vaccine schedule had not changed too much in Ontario since the parent was faced with the decision to vaccinate their child(ren).
Populations and medications
Published in Kevin Dew, Public Health, Personal Health and Pills, 2018
The trajectory of my relationship to vaccines that I have just outlined is expressed in the literature exploring vaccine resistance. A study of vaccine dissent in France and Portugal found that most ‘dissenters’ did not start from anything like an anti-vaccination position, and do not end up in a static anti-vaccination position. Rather, dissent is something that they arrive at, as political subjects, after questioning themselves about vaccines, finding that health care institutions resisted their questions, and them seeking out those who might be more receptive to a questioning stance. That is, dissenters take on a more active relationship to bureaucratic institutions and expert systems, resisting ‘overbearing state regulatory power’ (Cunha and Durand 2013: 50).
Repeated vaccination and ‘vaccine exhaustion’: relevance to the COVID-19 crisis
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Md Anwarul Azim Majumder, Mohammed S. Razzaque
Evaluation of vaccination history is essential to determine the likely vaccine effectiveness [43]. Vaccine resistance is not universal and has not been documented in some vaccines used successfully for decades (e.g. measles, smallpox). Although there is abundant evidence that repeated use of antimicrobial drugs frequently induces drug resistance [39,44,45], the risk of repeated vaccination is less clear. The mechanisms of vaccine exhaustion and consequent reduced protection against microbial infection require further study. Existing evidence suggests that several factors may contribute to reduced vaccine effectiveness, including repeated vaccination, microbial evolution, immune suppression, and immune evasion (Figure 1) [46]. Also, in some cases, additional doses neither increase nor decrease protection. In such cases, the balance of risk and potential benefit may contraindicate booster vaccinations.
An exploration of vaccination in the 19th century through the eyes of Dr. Albert Mackey
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
However, a core component of vaccine resistance to public vaccine mandates is related to the unequal treatment of the disadvantaged and minorities.9 For example, the antivaccine riots of the 1900s in Brazil were a response to the poor’s unequal treatment in the context of a massive drive toward modernization. In addition, vaccine hesitancy among African Americans and other minority groups in the United States has often been motivated by institutional racism and discriminatory policies. With any public health mandate, government coercion has the potential to increase political and social conflicts. The passage of additional mandates was critical in the establishment of several antivaccination movements in the United Kingdom, Brazil, and France during the 19th and 20th centuries.9 Furthermore, vaccine resistance in low- and middle-income nations is correlated with cultural traditions, alternative health beliefs, and religion.
Interplay of Anti-Viral Vaccines with Biologic Agents and Immunomodulators in Individuals with Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2021
Barbara E. Ostrov, Daniel Amsterdam
Inadequate response to vaccines can be attributed to rare occurrence of vaccine resistance. According to Kennedy and Read (Kennedy and Read 2018), documented cases of vaccine resistance are due to the inability of the vaccine to induce an immune response even when targeting multiple viral epitopes; inability to suppress pathogen multiplication within the host; and incapability of aborting transmission from vaccine protected hosts. Failure to protect against all serotypes of the target pathogen may cause insufficient response to a vaccine. In addition, mutations in viral target proteins can render vaccines less immunogenic. RNA viruses have exceedingly high mutation rates compared to DNA viruses because the enzyme required for polymerization – RNA polymerase – does not possess the proofreading capability of DNA polymerase. Given this fallibility, it is more challenging to produce consistently effective long-term vaccines for infections caused by RNA viruses such as influenza (with its well-known requirement of annual vaccine revisions) and notably, the recent concerns regarding the RNA virus which causes COVID-19, as well (Kennedy and Read 2020).