China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Development and Developmental Disorders
Published in Andrei I. Holodny, Functional Neuroimaging, 2019
Overall, there were only minimal differences in activation pattern between children and adults: Adults more commonly had activation of the cerebellum and the posterior parietal region. Also, children had better lateralization of activity on the VG task than on the orthographic lexical recall task. No such difference existed in adults. Therefore, it has been suggested that in the clinical setting, when scanner time issues are of concern, VG should be used over OLR because of its improved specificity for activation of the dominant hemisphere (28). Otherwise, no appreciable differences existed. Thus, from age range six to adult, cortical language representation appears to be stable, and although differences may exist in younger children, this remains difficult to evaluate because of the need for cooperation.
Personal Perspectives on Narrative in Health Care
Published in John D Engel, Joseph Zarconi, Lura L Pethtel, Sally A Missimi, Rita Charon, Narrative in Health Care: Healing Patients, Practitioners, Profession, and Community, 2017
John D Engel, Joseph Zarconi, Lura L Pethtel, Sally A Missimi
VG: Two things. First of all, I immediately flash back to the legitimization of whatever they present with . . . an example being victims of domestic violence . . . when they tell that story, it legitimizes that this is a story of value and therefore legitimizes them in that story. So that’s one piece. The other piece that the patient gains is the reframing of the story. Every time you tell that story . . . you have different understandings. As we try and understand the implicit or explicit “why” and relationships of the various components either within oneself or with oneself to whatever context there is, whether it be family or situation. . . . So, it’s the reframing.
Indications for Epilepsy Surgery Evaluation
Published in Stanley R. Resor, Henn Kutt, The Medical Treatment of Epilepsy, 2020
We believe that any patient with intractable epilepsy is a suitable candidate to refer for epilepsy surgery evaluation. Although published guidelines (9–14) agree upon the ideal patients for epilepsy surgery, the fact remains that such a determination cannot be made without a thorough and complete evaluation. Selection of patients based on a history suggesting focal onset of seizures or those with clearly defined epileptiform abnormalities is too restrictive and excludes some patients who do not meet these rigid criteria on initial evaluation. Intensive monitoring at an epilepsy surgery center may, however, establish that they do indeed have partial seizures and could therefore benefit from epilepsy surgery (15). The following patient seen at our center illustrates this problem: VG is a 35-year-old man with episodic spells, since the age of 6 years, which were intractable to various antiepileptic drug (AED) regimens. These would begin with a sensation of pressure behind the eyes followed by loss of strength in his arms and legs causing him to fall. He would have stiffening of his extremities, thrashing movements and groaning for 30 to 45 seconds, often with preservation of consciousness. His CT scan was normal. The patient had been evaluated elsewhere, and no definite conclusion was reached concerning the nature of these spells. The possibility of pseudoseizures was also raised. He underwent prolonged monitoring at our institution. No interictal sharp waves were recorded on scalp EEG, but ictal EEG showed rhythmic theta activity at the vertex. Following withdrawal of AEDs, he had several generalized seizures with postictal elevation of serum CPK and prolactin levels. Most of these episodes occurred during stage I—II sleep and were very stereotyped. MRI scan showed a structural lesion in the right frontal region near the midline. It was felt that these were consistent with supplementary motor seizures. He underwent invasive monitoring with subdural electrodes, and the seizure focus was localized to the right supplementary motor area. Following resection of the seizure focus, he became seizure-free.
Characterization of E-cigarette coil temperature and toxic metal analysis by infrared temperature sensing and scanning electron microscopy – energy-dispersive X-ray
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2020
Haley A. Mulder, James B. Stewart, Ivy P. Blue, Rose I. Krakowiak, Jesse L. Patterson, Kimberly N. Karin, Jasmynne M. Royals, Alexandra C. DuPont, Kaitlin E. Forsythe, Justin L. Poklis, Alphonse Poklis, Shelle N. Butler, Joseph B. McGee Turner, Michelle R. Peace
For all studies, a Kayfun Lite Styled Rebuildable Atomizer (RBA) was purchased from FastTech (Hong Kong, China). The Pure-Atomist Kanthal A-1 wire of 30, 32, and 34 American Wire Gauge (AWG) and ceramic tweezers were purchased from Lightning Vapes (Brandenton, FL). The consolidated chromium wire of 30, 32, and 34 AWG were purchased from McMaster Carr (Elmhurst, IL). The 2 mm high quality silica wick and Master 5-in-1 coiling kit were purchased from Amazon (Seattle, WA). The 100% pure vegetable glycerin (VG) and 100% pure propylene glycol (PG) were purchased from Wizard Labs (Almonte Springs, FL). A thermoMETER M3 and M1/M2 temperature sensors ranging from 100–600 °C and 650–1800 °C were purchased from Micro-Epsilon (Raleigh, NC). The Sorensen power supply was from Amtek (San Diego, CA) and a multimeter was purchased from Fluke (Everett, WA).
Nicotine intoxication by e-cigarette liquids: a study of case reports and pathophysiology
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2020
Gerdinique C. Maessen, Anjali M. Wijnhoven, Rosalie L. Neijzen, Michelle C. Paulus, Dayna A. M. van Heel, Bart H. A. Bomers, Lucie E. Boersma, Burak Konya, Marcel A. G. van der Heyden
VG, also propane-1,2,3-triol or glycerol, is a simple trihydric alcohol which is naturally present in human tissue as it forms the skeleton of triglycerides [68]. After absorption in the small intestine, VG is metabolised in the liver by glycerol kinase into glycerol-3-phosphate, which then becomes esterified with fatty acids in the citric acid cycle [69]. VG is eliminated by the kidneys, either unchanged or metabolised [70]. Due to its sweet taste, VG is often used in the food industry. It is also widely used in medical applications because of its potent osmotic properties. For example, it is provided as a treatment for cerebral oedema as VG has a dehydrating effect on the brain [18]. VG is considered to be safe for oral ingestion [71]; however, its effects in an overdose are not well researched. Known adverse effects of VG taken orally are mostly due to dehydration: headache, nausea, diuresis, and hyperglycaemia. In very severe cases, symptoms such as apathy, cyanosis, renal failure, and cardiac arrhythmia are reported. Haemolysis seems to be a reaction strictly related to intravenous injection [19]. None of the case reports provided a concentration of VG, and since severe symptoms are only reported for high doses of up to 1.4 g/kg bodyweight [19], we believe that VG has no obvious effect in these cases.
The effect of e-cigarette aerosol emissions on respiratory health: a narrative review
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2019
Riccardo Polosa, Renée O’Leary, Donald Tashkin, Rosalia Emma, Massimo Caruso
Among the commonly detected aerosol constituents, glycerol, PG and their thermal degradation products (i.e. carbonyl compounds), chemical flavorings, nicotine, and metals have attracted most attention. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) categorize vegetable glycerine (VG) and PG as Generally Recognized as Safe [19]. Although PG can be also found in cigarette smoke, high levels are normally present in EC aerosol emissions. Hence, it is necessary to have a better understanding of PG’s safety by inhalation. All animal and human studies that analyzed the effect of the inhalation of PG have indicated that PG does not appear to pose a significant hazard via the inhalation route [20]. In fact, in several of these animal studies the concentrations of PG used were higher than the concentration used in EC and did not give rise to any toxic effects. However, human studies using PG concentrations similar to that in ECs are required to confirm the safety of inhalation of PG from vaping products.