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Fatigue
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
CoQ10 levels are lower in people with certain conditions, such as heart disease and chronic fatigue syndrome, and in those who take statins, which are drugs that lower cholesterol. CoQ10 levels also decrease as we age, so taking a supplement as you grow older can help support optimal energy levels. The most commonly available products are ubiquinol and ubiquinone. Both are valid forms of CoQ10, but ubiquinol is better absorbed. A typical dose of 100 mg is considered safe and is available in capsule, chewable tablet, and liquid form.
Metabolic Cardiology
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Coenzyme Q10, so named for its ubiquitous nature in cells, is a fat-soluble compound that functions as an antioxidant and coenzyme in the energy-producing pathways. Ubiquinol – known as the reduced form – and ubiquinone – the oxidized form – both coexist in the body and regenerate each other in our cells through sequential redox reactions. As an antioxidant, the reduced form of CoQ10 inhibits lipid peroxidation in both cell membranes and serum low-density lipoprotein, and protects proteins and DNA from oxidative damage. In vitro, CoQ10 inhibits LDL oxidation more than beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol.64 CoQ10 also has membrane-stabilizing activity. However, its bioenergetic activity and electron transport function for its role in oxidative phosphorylation are probably its most important functions.
Implication of Mitochondrial Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) in Alzheimer’s Disease *
Published in Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi, Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Sayantan Maitra, Dibyendu Dutta
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a naturally occurring endogenous compound resembling the properties as of vitamins. This compound is ubiquitous in nature; i.e., it almost exists in every tissue and thus, it is also named as ubiquinone. Frederick Crane and colleagues first isolated CoQ from the mitochondria of beef heart in 1957. CoQ belongs to a homologous series of compounds that possess a common benzoquinone ring in their core structures but differ in the number of isoprene units. In humans and few other mammalian species, CoQ is found to contain 10 isoprene units, and thus, it is named as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). The chemical nomenclature of CoQ10 is 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone [1]. CoQ10 has a fundamental action in cellular bioenergetics as a cofactor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and is therefore crucial for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). CoQ10 also possesses the property of lipid antioxidant and thus averts the generation of free radicals and modifications of proteins, lipids, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) [2]. CoQ10 is ubiquitous but its concentration differs in tissues. The highest concentration of CoQ10 is found in organs where the rate of metabolism is higher, such as heart, kidney, and liver (114, 66.5, and 54.9 g of CoQ10 in each g of tissue, respectively). It is also over-the-counter available as dietary supplement, and this supplementation is found to possess potential health benefits in conditions such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders [3,4].
Rapid oral transmucosal delivery of zaleplon–lavender oil utilizing self-nanoemulsifying lyophilized tablets technology: development, optimization and pharmacokinetic evaluation
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Sarah A. Ali, Nabil A. Alhakamy, Khaled M. Hosny, Eman Alfayez, Deena M. Bukhary, Awaji Y. Safhi, Moutaz Y. Badr, Rayan Y. Mushtaq, Majed Alharbi, Bader Huwaimel, Mohammed Alissa, Sameer Alshehri, Ali H. Alamri, Taha Alqahtani
The use of NEs in the pharmaceutical industry is especially promising; a number of patents have been submitted for NE formulations, but many of these NEs have not been marketed yet (Tiwari et al., 2006). Cui et al., for example, created a unique self-microemulsifying drug delivery system that successfully increased curcumin solubility and oral absorption (Zülli et al., 2006). Similarly, previous studies have reported that the o/w NEs containing the hydrophobic anticancer drug paclitaxel overcame the drug’s low oral bioavailability. They used peanut oil as the internal oil phase, egg lecithin as the principal emulsifier, and water as the exterior phase (Zidan et al., 2015). Ubiquinone, also known as Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), is a naturally occurring substance in the body; it is utilized for the production of energy within cells and acts as an antioxidant agent. CoQ10 is also available as a dietary aid. In this form it may have the major drawback of low oral bioavailability as a result of its high lipophilicity. A recent study revealed the significant enhancement of the bioavailability of CoQ10 following its encapsulation in NEs. There was even more improvement with NEs that contained tocopherol and CoQ10 in separate nanodroplets (Chen et al., 2015).
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in acute ischemic stroke: Is it beneficial in short-term administration?
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2020
Mahtab Ramezani, Zahra Sahraei, Leila Simani, Kamran Heydari, Farzad Shahidi
Based on the pre-existing knowledge, ubiquinone is mostly considered as an oxygen-derived free radical scavenger. However, the current study could not detect any effect of CoQ10 on GFAP, MDA levels and SOD activity. Various models of cerebral ischemic demonstrated neuroprotective effects of CoQ10.25,26 Belousova et al. indicated that single intravenous injection of CoQ10 (30 mg/kg) improved functional and morphological indices of brain damage.26 Our previous study results in an experimental model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) showed that CoQ10 at a dose of 200 mg/kg had no effect on the activity of SOD and MDA levels but provide remarkable protection against ischemic stroke as well as improvement of functional outcomes and anti-inflammatory effect.21 Recently, Lee et al. administered CoQ10 (150 mg daily for 12 weeks) in patients with CAD. They have reported a significant rise in plasma concentrations of Q10, SOD and CAT along with a decreased serum MDA; however, they could not see the same effect by administration of CoQ10 at dose 60 mg/day.5 Current results do not similar to Lee et al., probably due to low dose of supplement or short duration of the intervention.
The effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers in overweight/obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Shiva Taghizadeh, Azimeh Izadi, Shabnam Shirazi, Marziyeh Parizad, Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
Although the exact mechanism(s) by which CoQ10 decreases inflammatory factors are not clearly understood, previous studies indicated that CoQ10 can downregulate gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in poly cystic ovary syndrome and diabetic nephropathy patients [32,33]. Schmelzer et al. indicated that anti-inflammation effect of ubiquinone could be attributed to the reduction of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) dependent gene expression. NF-κB can be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can then up-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines expression. However, this NF-κB-activating cascade can be inhibited by antioxidants like CoQ10 [34,35].