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Food Interactions, Sirtuins, Genes, Homeostasis, and General Discussion
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Tyramine is a biochemical widely found in foods and beverages such as meat, cheese, fermented foods, beans, peanuts, bananas, nuts, chocolate, and red wine. It has a significant interaction with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). These drugs are used to treat depression and Parkinson’s disease. Linezolid, a newer oxazolidinone antibiotic, has some MAOI properties, thus showing characteristics and potential for this interaction (22, 24). Therefore, linezolid should be used cautiously in patients taking serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Lastly, isoniazid, a mainstay in the treatment of tuberculosis, also exhibits MAOI effects and should not be taken with tyramine-containing foods (24).
Ayahuasca
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
Raquel Consul, Flávia Lucas, Maria Graça Campos
Tyramine-rich foods, usually fermented foods, such as cheese, beer, and meat, are also potential sources of interaction. Tyramine is degraded by MAO and the impediment of this pathway by Ayahuasca can lead to increased sympathetic stimulation, and consequently blood pressure increases, and the risk of stroke and intracranial haemorrhaging increases (Alsuntangled 2017).
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension and CSF rhinorrhea
Published in Jyotirmay S. Hegde, Hemanth Vamanshankar, CSF Rhinorrhea, 2020
Hemanth Vamanshankar, Jyotirmay S Hegde
Weight loss and dietary management is of primordial importance in these patients. A low-calorie rice diet (400–1000 calorie/day) was proven to cause the rapid resolution of papilledema in nine obese patients.29 A low-tyramine diet with a limitation of vitamin A consumption is said to be of benefit.30,31 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like acetazolamide, which act by decreasing the secretion of CSF from the choroid plexus, are accepted as first-line treatment in lowering ICP. Diuretics like furosemide, spironolactone, and triamterene have also been used. Corticosteroids may be used in the short term for the rapid decrease of ICP as an adjunct surgical management.
Role of amino acids at positions 34, 296, and 486 of cytochrome P450 2D6 in the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of psychotropic agents on dopamine formation from p-tyramine
Published in Xenobiotica, 2021
Toshiro Niwa, Juri Arima, Yurina Michihiro
Tyramine is present in exogenously fermented foods such as cheese and wine, as well as endogenously in the brain (Philips et al. 1978). Dopamine is a neurotransmitter and precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline; it is biotransformed from p-tyramine through CYP2D6-catalysed ring-hydroxylation as well as from L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA, levodopa) in the brain (Hiroi et al. 1998; Funae et al. 2003; Haduch et al. 2013; Niwa et al. 2017). Interestingly, we previously found that Vmax values for dopamine formation catalysed by CYP2D6.1, CYP2D6.2, and CYP2D6.10 gradually increased with increasing concentrations of fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (Niwa et al. 2018; Niwa and Sugimoto 2019). Km values for dopamine formation by CYP2D6.2 and CYP2D6.10, but not CYP2D6.1, gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of fluoxetine, an SSRI, whereas another SSRI, paroxetine, competitively inhibited the activities catalysed by all CYP2D6 variants investigated (Niwa et al. 2018; Niwa and Sugimoto 2019). These results indicate that fluvoxamine and fluoxetine, which have a trifluoromethyl group, but not paroxetine (Figure 2), stimulated dopamine formation.
Review and meta-analysis of add-on tranylcypromine with antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia with predominant negative symptoms: a restoration of evidence
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2021
Tranylcypromine (TCP) is an irreversible and non-selective MAO-A/B inhibitor prescribed mainly in treatment resistant depression. Increased levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and trace amines (e.g. phenylethylamine) in brain resulting from MAO inhibition, as well as norepinephrine reuptake inhibition at doses higher than 40 mg/day are considered as a unique combination of two primary pharmacological mechanisms10,11. The therapeutic limitation to a third-line antidepressant treatment comes from MAO inhibition in liver and gut. Patients suffer a relative tyramine incompatibility and risk of hypertensive crisis (“cheese reaction”) when eating tyramine rich food. A mandatory tyramine restricted diet is therefore applied. Cases of hypertensive crisis in TCP-treatment were reported decades ago before the introduction of the diet or, more recently, after neglect of dietary restrictions12,13. On the other hand, it was discussed that modern food has an improved quality with lower tyramine content14–16. Some authors have criticized current practice where MAOIs are prescribed only after 10 or more failed antidepressant trials17.
Prospective cohort study of daily alcoholic beverage intake as a potential trigger of headaches among adults with episodic migraine
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2020
Elizabeth Mostofsky, Suzanne M. Bertisch, Angeliki Vgontzas, Catherine Buettner, Wenyuan Li, Michael Rueschman, Murray A. Mittleman
The exact mechanism linking alcohol and headaches is unclear, although several theories have been proposed [20]. Ethanol may directly induce headaches via its metabolite, acetate, which increases the formation of extracellular adenosine and thereby induces pain via stimulation of adenosine A2A [21]. Alternatively, ethanol may trigger the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from perivascular sensory nerve terminals [22]. Some have suggested that other substances found in alcoholic beverages such as tyramine and tannins may induce headache via changes in serotonin [23], although evidence is limited [4,24,25]. It is also possible that headaches are attributable to the dehydration, worsened mood, stress, heavy food consumption, or sleep disruption associated with an alcohol hangover state [26]. Our findings of heightened risk on the day following alcohol intake remained evident in analyses adjusted for daily changes in stress, sleep, and activity, but we cannot rule out the potential for residual time-varying confounding. Whereas some studies report that any alcoholic beverage can be deleterious [5], others suggest that red wine, but not other types of alcohol, triggers migraines [24]. We did not ask participants what type of alcohol they consumed, so we could not examine whether the association varies between wine, beer, or liquor.