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Recent Discoveries of Natural Products as Antimicrobial Alternatives for Bovine Mastitis Treatment
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Pâmella B. A. Domingues, João Paulo L. Morgado, Maria Aparecida S. Moreira, Valdir F. Veiga-Júnior, Fábio A. Pieri
Plants of the Garcinia genus (Guttiferae family) are rich sources of phytochemicals. G. brasiliensis, for example, a species native to the Amazon region, is rich in gutiferone A (Gut-A) and 7-epiclusianone (7-epi) (Fig. 8.3). Gut-A has several reports of bioactivities including as an antimicrobial against S. aureus and HIV, trypanocidal agent, antispasmodic, antioxidant, antitumour and protease inhibitor (Gustafson et al. 1992; Ngouela et al. 2006; Coelho et al. 2008; Martins et al. 2009a; Martins et al. 2009b). The 7-epi compound also presents several biological activities, such as toxicity to Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes (Alves et al. 1999), anti-HIV (Piccinelli et al. 2005), vasodilation (Cruz et al. 2006), antianaphylaxis (Neves et al. 2007), antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory (Santa-Cecilia et al. 2011), antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus spp. (Almeida et al. 2008; Barros et al. 2017), inhibition of cell reproduction in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (Vieira et al. 2009) and antiproliferative activity against cancer cells (Almeida et al. 2008).
Emerging agents for the treatment of Chagas disease: what is in the preclinical and clinical development pipeline?
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2020
Nieves Martínez-Peinado, Nuria Cortes-Serra, Irene Losada-Galvan, Cristina Alonso-Vega, Julio A. Urbina, Ana Rodríguez, John L. VandeBerg, Maria-Jesus Pinazo, Joaquim Gascon, Julio Alonso-Padilla
Other trials evaluating alternative regimens and/or dosages of BNZ or NFX that are presently ongoing include BETTY, EQUITY, MULTIBENZ and TESEO [106]. BETTY is a Phase 3 trial that aims to compare if a short course 30-day treatment with BZN at 150 mg/day in women of reproductive age will reduce the parasitic load and the frequency of serious adverse events by comparison to the use of the standard BZN 300 mg/day/60 days [107]. Parasitic loads and thus efficacy will be measured by PCR at the end of treatment and at 10 months after it [107]. EQUITY is also a Phase 3 clinical trial that will test whether NFX is an effective trypanocidal agent, by comparison with placebo and with BZN in terms of both parasite-related and safety outcomes [108]. It plans to enroll 500 chronically infected adults who will be allocated to one of the five study arms. Four active treatment arms (1–4) encompassing: BZN at full daily dose of 300 mg for 60 days or half daily dose of 150 mg for 120 days, and NFX at full daily dose of 480 mg for 60 days or half daily dose of 240 mg for 120 days; and a control group (5) who will receive placebo for 120 days [108,109].
Acanthamoeba Keratitis: an update on amebicidal and cysticidal drug screening methodologies and potential treatment with azole drugs
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Brian Shing, Mina Balen, James H. McKerrow, Anjan Debnath
Hexamidine was originally developed as a trypanocidal agent [79]. More recently, it is now formulated into a number of over-the-counter medications as an antiseptic and antimicrobial agent [80]. For Acanthamoeba keratitis treatment, it was first reported by Brasseur et al (1994) that topical 0.1% hexamidine successfully cleared a case of Acanthamoeba keratitis recalcitrant to propamidine treatment [81]. Since then, hexamidine has been utilized in conjunction with a number of other antimicrobials, such as chlorhexidine, PHMB, and propamidine to successfully treat patients [77].