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What's Causing My Gut Symptoms?
Published in Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck, Reclaim Your Life From IBS, 2022
Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck
But there is a downside to all this antigerm fervor. There are very good reasons to believe that we have taken this one-sided view of germs too far, and are actually now hurting ourselves with our endless efforts to disinfect and sterilize our environments. We are constantly advised to wash our hands, disinfect our cutting boards and kitchen counters, use hand sanitizers at every opportunity, and purchase innumerable products with anti-microbial chemicals embedded in them. This has had three unexpected and quite negative consequences. First, the excessive use of germicidal chemicals has spurred the evolution of resistant super-bacteria. Over-prescription of antibiotics was routine medical practice for years. Only very recently have physicians, researchers, and medical organizations sounded the alarm about the rise of resistant strains of tuberculosis and other frightening bacteria like MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Indeed, the American Medical Association issued a position statement warning against the use of antimicrobial agents like triclosan in consumer products such as hand sanitizer, dishwashing soap, and cutting boards. They cited evidence suggesting that such use is actually harmful to public health, because it spurs the development of resistant bacteria. Fortunately, triclosan has since been banned from a variety of consumer products.
Periodontal Disease
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
In addition to the concerns about fluoride, two additional common toothpaste ingredients potentially exacerbate PD. (1) Sodium laurel sulfate is a soap derivative which will disrupt the oral mucosa and dramatically increase the frequency of oral aphthous or herpes outbreaks [30]. (2) Triclosan (2,4,4’ –trichloro-2’-hydroxydiphenyl ether) is a synthetic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent first registered as a pesticide in 1969, and it is now under review at the FDA and EPA [31, 32]. Triclosan use is linked to discharges and impact on aquatic environments and possibly the developm ent of antibiotic resistance. The association has a biologic basis. Triclosan may form dioxins in surface water, and its active ingredient is a polychloro phenoxy phenol [33].
Environmental toxicants on Leydig cell function
Published in C. Yan Cheng, Spermatogenesis, 2018
Leping Ye, Xiaoheng Li, Xiaomin Chen, Qingquan Lian, Ren-Shan Ge
Triclosan is an antibacterial and antifungal organochlorine used for consumer products. Treatment of triclosan (0.001–10 μM) resulted in a significantly decreased activity of adenylyl cyclase enzyme and lower testosterone section in isolated rat Leydig cells, and this effect can be prevented by the treatment of forskolin, indicating that triclosan targets adenylyl cyclase enzyme.191
Exposure to the anti-microbial chemical triclosan disrupts keratinocyte function and skin integrity in a model of reconstructed human epidermis
Published in Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2023
Rachel Baur, Michael Kashon, Ewa Lukomska, Lisa M. Weatherly, Hillary L. Shane, Stacey E. Anderson
Triclosan is an anti-microbial chemical that has been used in healthcare settings and in consumer products such as soaps, deodorants, toothpastes, and mouthwashes, since 1972 (Jones et al. 2000; Fang et al. 2010). Although the use of triclosan has been banned from consumer soaps by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA (Food and Drug Administration) 2016), triclosan is still used in certain formulations of products used in healthcare settings (Consumer product information database). Exposure to triclosan has been associated with disease, including allergic disease (reviewed in Weatherly and Gosse 2017; Anderson et al. 2019). Results from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) show that exposure to triclosan is positively associated with food sensitization and aeroallergy (Savage et al. 2012). Additionally, results from the 2005–2010 NHANES demonstrate that exposure to triclosan is positively associated with asthma exacerbation (Savage et al. 2014). In mice, although triclosan has not been shown to be a sensitizer (Anderson et al. 2016), exposure to triclosan on the skin has been demonstrated to augment the allergic response in an asthma model (Anderson et al. 2013) and in a mouse model of peanut allergy (Tobar et al. 2016). Additionally, oral exposure to triclosan has been shown to increase the airway response to house dust mites in mice (Hirota et al. 2019).
A mouthwash formulated with o-cymen-5-ol and zinc chloride specifically targets potential pathogens without impairing the native oral microbiome in healthy individuals
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Javier Pascual, Javier Mira Otal, Daniel Torrent-Silla, Manuel Porcar, Cristina Vilanova, Fernando Vivancos Cuadras
Mouthwashes are used by oral health care practitioners, as well as consumers with and without oral diseases, to reduce bacterial load within the oral cavity on the pretext of preventing and managing oral diseases [15]. More specifically, mouthwashes are used to inhibit the colonisation of harmful microorganisms, reduce the formation of dental plaque, and prevent gingival bleeding caused by sensitive gums and gingivitis. The most frequently used antimicrobial agents are of synthetic origin, notably chlorhexidine (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride and triclosan, and are characterised by a broad spectrum of action against microorganisms, often triggering major changes in native oral microbiomes. In addition, some of these compounds can cause toxicity problems and contribute to making bacteria resistant to antibiotics [16–19]. For example, the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) has banned the use of triclosan in certain antiseptic wash products [20], while it is still allowed in others, such as toothpastes and mouthwashes, but is currently under review [21].
Current and future treatment options for community-associated MRSA infection
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2018
A. Khan, B. Wilson, I. M. Gould
Prevention and control of CA-MRSA should be emphasized in certain settings outside of the healthcare environment, such as nursing or residential homes, military barracks, prisons, hostels, swimming pools, and gyms [100]. Farm workers may also be at risk of exposure to LA-MRSA, and standard infection and prevention precautions should be taken in this setting also [100]. As household contacts are at increased risk of acquisition, infection prevention and control in this setting is also important. Importantly, a household approach to decolonization is more effective than measures performed by individuals alone, as asymptomatic carriers act as reservoirs for transmission [104]. In terms of soap usage in preventing transmission, it has been shown that plain soap is as effective as soaps advertised as being ‘antibacterial’ [105]. Indeed, there is a theoretical risk that antibacterial soaps may actually worsen the risk of resistance developing within bacteria that are exposed to these agents [105]. The FDA has very recently banned the use of triclosan in over the counter health products, including soaps.