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Reproductive Endocrine Disorders
Published in Stanley R. Resor, Henn Kutt, The Medical Treatment of Epilepsy, 2020
Testosterone replacement is the most common form of therapy for hypogonadism. Its efficacy in men with epilepsy has not been reported. In our own experience with eight men, intramuscular injections of testosterone enanthate in dosages of 200 to 400 mg every 3 or 4 weeks has been associated with normalization of serum free testosterone levels and some improvement in sexual interest and potency in all eight men in our series. An expected reduction in seizure frequency, however, was not realized perhaps because of a concomitant elevation in serum estradiol levels secondary to conversion of testosterone to estradiol by aromatase enzymes located predominantly in adipose tissue.
Peripheral muscles
Published in Claudio F. Donner, Nicolino Ambrosino, Roger S. Goldstein, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, 2020
Luis Puente-Maestu, François Maltais, André Nyberg, Didier Saey
Testosterone supplementation and its analogues are able to improve muscle strength and mass (109,110), but this does not necessarily translate into functional benefits. In one well-designed study, testosterone supplementation or placebo were used with or without resistance training in a cohort of 47 men with COPD who had low circulating testosterone levels (111). A weekly injection of testosterone enanthate alone for 10 weeks improved leg muscle strength and mass to a similar extent as did resistance training alone. Of note, gains in muscle strength and mass when amplified in patients who undertook both testosterone supplementation and resistance training suggested a synergistic effect between the two interventions. In another study, it was reported that a multicomponent intervention including testosterone and nutritional supplementation as well as endurance and strength training improved exercise performance and health status compared to usual care (112). One difficulty with this study is that the degree of improvement that could be attributed to testosterone alone cannot be determined with confidence.
The practical management of hormonal treatment in adults with gender dysphoria
Published in James Barrett, Transsexual and Other Disorders of Gender Identity, 2017
Virilisation of female-to-male transsexuals is achieved by the administration of testosterone. Traditionally this has been in the form of testosterone enanthate esters given as Sustanon injections 2–4-weekly. At this dose, testosterone suppresses ovarian function even in pre-operative patients, obviating the need for other endocrine manipulation. Menses normally suppress within one or two injections of testosterone, but the process of virilisation is slow and takes between 2 and 4 years to complete.
What are the pharmacological considerations for male congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Giulia Rastrelli, Mario Maggi, Giovanni Corona
Testosterone therapy (TTh) is the most widely used approach for the induction and progression of pubertal development [5]. TTh is started with one-fifth of the adult dose or less. Injectable short-acting esters of testosterone (testosterone enanthate or cypionate) are the most used medications. The usual initial dose is 50 mg monthly, which is gradually increased to the adult dose over two or 3 years (Table 1). TTh allows the development of secondary sexual characteristics to be coordinated with psychological and sexual behavior development. Possible alternative formulations deal with the use of oral testosterone undecanoate (TU) and transdermal gels. TU is easy to take and the dose of 40 mg per capsule allows a stepwise slow increase in the dose up to the adult dose (Table 1). Testosterone gel preparations are easy to titrate, and this represents an advantage (Table 1); however, experience with testosterone gel in adolescents is still limited and treatment protocols are still not well defined.
Dietary fluted pumpkin seeds induce reversible oligospermia and androgen insufficiency in adult rats
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
Rex-Clovis C. Njoku, Sunny O. Abarikwu, Augustine A. Uwakwe, Chidimma J. Mgbudom-Okah, Chioma Yvonne Ezirim
Potent and innocuous forms of contraception suitable for different couples and diverse cultures are crucial for family planning (Chauhan and Agarwal 2010; Plana 2017; Ain et al. 2018). Obviously, numerous fertility control efforts are aimed at women, and men have been asked to share in this responsibility (Amory 2016; Plana 2017). The call for men to be equal partners with women in fertility regulation has been slow due to limited acceptable contraceptive options (Plana 2017). More so, complications associated with existing male contraceptive options such as hormonal imbalance, epididymitis and semen leakage prompted the search for other methods of male contraception (Anawalt and Amory 2001; Kanakis and Goulis 2015; Ain et al. 2018). This led to considerable efforts in the formulations of hormone and non-hormonal dependent male contraceptives. Hormone dependent male contraceptives tend to influence the spermatogenic process via the suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis leading to infertility and reduced sperm count (Meriggiola and Pelusi 2006; Xie et al. 2017). Of these, testosterone enanthate and testosterone undecanoate suppresses the endogenous synthesis of testosterone and reduces spermatogenesis (Kanakis and Goulis 2015). This method was observed to promote undesired side effects such as lowering of high-density lipoprotein, hypertension, weight gain, and cancer (Anawalt and Amory 2001; Nieschlag et al. 2003; Kumar et al. 2012).
Current advancements in pharmacotherapy for cancer cachexia
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da Fonseca, Ryosuke Sato, Maria Janieire de Nazaré Nunes Alves, Stephan von Haehling
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial study in phase II with patients with head and neck cancer, testosterone enanthate 100 mg maintained body weight and BMI while control group showed a significant decline in these variables after 7 weeks of intervention. In addition, testosterone significantly increased LBM by 3.2% (95% CI, 0–7%) compared to control group that lost 3.3% (95% CI, −7% – 1%), whereas fat mass decreased in both groups 10.1% and 17.1%, respectively [106]. Moreover, another clinical trial administering testosterone enanthate, the ARTFORM study, showed no difference in body composition after 12 weeks, although testosterone therapy inhibited the change in the level of TNF-α [107].