China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Prostate Cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Malcolm Mason, Howard Kynaston
Technetium-99 bone scanning is a sensitive means of detecting bone metastases, the likelihood of metastases being greater, the higher the PSA. Conversely, patients with a PSA below 20 ng/mL have a rate of positive bone scans of less than 1%, and many centers therefore omit bone scanning in patients with a PSA in this range unless they have Gleason Grade Group 3 or higher on biopsy.30 Indeed, the relatively low rate of detection of metastatic disease in general in today’s patient population argues that a more risk-based approach to staging investigations might be justified.
Parathyroid disease
Published in Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa, Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Nuclear scintigraphy utilises the radioisotope technetium-99 m (99mTc). This is absorbed faster by overactive parathyroid glands. Some centres have reported successful identification of up to 95% of solitary parathyroid adenomas and up to 80% of multigland disease (parathyroid hyperplasia) [3,4]. Many centres will use both US and scintigraphy as part of preoperative planning.
Cardiac Diagnostic Testing in Pregnancy
Published in Afshan B. Hameed, Diana S. Wolfe, Cardio-Obstetrics, 2020
In cardiovascular perfusion scans, technetium 99 m, one of the most commonly used isotopes, may be combined with other compounds that localize to active myocardial cells allowing for identification of ischemic areas in the heart. The half-life of technetium 99 m is 6 hours and it releases a mono-energetic gamma photon of 140 keV [8].
Outcome of pediatric germ cell tumor with comparison of carboplatin and cisplatin based regimens: A 10-year analysis
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2022
Richa Jain, Prema Menon, Deepak Bansal, Nandita Kakkar, Srinivasan Radhika, K. L. N. Rao, Amita Trehan
Data of all patients with extracranial germ cell tumor ≤ 12 years age presenting from January 2007-December 2016 (10-years) to the Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit at our institute were analyzed. Approval was obtained from our institute’s ethics committee, with a waiver for consent from the patients due to the retrospective nature of analysis. Patients with mature/immature teratoma were included in this analysis. Diagnostic investigations included (i) tumor markers, serum alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (AFP, β-HCG), (ii) tissue diagnosis with biopsy or fine-needle aspiration cytology was restricted to cases wherein tumor markers were not elevated, (iii) imaging of the primary site with either a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or a magnetic resonance imaging. Staging investigations included (i) chest radiograph (till December 2011) or chest CT (2012-2016), (ii) technetium 99 bone scan, and (iii) bone marrow examination if indicated. The staging was based on the tumor-node-metastasis staging system. Risk stratification was performed as per the UK-CCLG guidelines, and patients were categorized as low, intermediate, and high-risk (Supplemental Table 1).6
Primary ectopic lobular breast cancer of the vulva: case report and review of literature
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020
Luka Matak, Branko Dukić, Tvrtko Tupek, Nataša Lisica-Šikić, Mislav Mikuš
On exam, she was noted to have a red ulceration of approximately 0.5 cm in diameter with a palpable subcutaneous tumour of 1 cm in diameter on the mons pubis at the median line, 1 cm above the clitoris and under the skin. The immunohistochemical stain of the tumour cells was cytokeratin 7 (CK7), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), AE1/AE3, oestrogen, progesterone all-positive; while HMB 45, melan A, calretinin, alpha-inhibin were all negative. The patient was further evaluated with positron emission tomography, mammography, ultrasound of the breast, multislice computer tomography of the thorax and abdomen, magnetic radiography of the breast and tumour markers CEA, Ca 15-3, Ca 19-9, Ca 125. These analyses, however, did not confirm the breast as the origin of the tumour. Five hours before the second surgery, each quadrant around the scar was superficially injected at 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours with deposits of technetium 99-m HAS colloid in a total of 37 MBq. A dynamic lymphoscintigraphy was performed with a handheld gamma camera. Both the left and right groin were checked for localisation, and positive lymph node was identified in the right groin.
Penetration enhancer-containing spanlastics (PECSs) for transdermal delivery of haloperidol: in vitro characterization, ex vivo permeation and in vivo biodistribution studies
Published in Drug Delivery, 2018
Abdurrahman M. Fahmy, Doaa Ahmed El-Setouhy, Ahmed B. Ibrahim, Basant A. Habib, Saadia A. Tayel, Noha A. Bayoumi
The SF was diluted by addition of 200 µl of SF to 200 µl of 0.1 N HCl and completing volume to 1 ml by distilled water. Diluted SF (dil-SF) was radiolabeled using technetium-99 m (99mTc) by direct-labeling method (El-Setouhy et al., 2016; Nour et al., 2016). Technetium-99 m was eluted as 99mTcO4− from a 99Mo/99mTc generator (Gentech, Turkey). Different factors that affect the radiolabeling process (diluted SF amount, NaBH4 amount, pH of reaction medium and reaction time) were studied for choosing conditions to obtain the highest radiolabeling yield and best stability (Motaleb et al., 2011). Experiments studying each factor were done in triplicate.