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The Genus Blumea
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Nessa et al. (2004) evaluated the free radical scavenging activity of isolated flavonoids of B. balsamifera and reported the order of activity as Quercetin (17) > Luteolin (1) > 5,7,3’,5’-tetrahydroxyflavanone (14) > Blumeatin (16) > Rhamnetin (20) > Tamarixetin > Luteolin-7-methyl ether (3) > Dihydroquercetin-4’-methyl ether (44) > Dihydroquercetin-4’,7-dimethyl ether (45) (Nessa et al., 2004). Further in another study, the XO inhibitory activity of the isolated flavonoids was evaluated by Nessa et al. (2010) which reported XO inhibitory activity in the order of: Allopurinol (positive control) > Luteolin (1) > Quercetin (17) > Tamarixetin (21) > 5,7,3’,5′-tetrahydroxyflavanone (14) > Rhamnetin (20) > Luteolin-7-methyl ether (3) > Blumeatin (16) > Dihydroquercetin-4′-methyl ether (44) > Dihydroquercetin-7,4′-dimethyl ether (45) > L-ascorbic acid (Nessa et al., 2010).
Protecting Pancreatic β-cells from Metabolic Insults
Published in Christophe Wiart, Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome, 2017
Ethanol extract of leaves of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (containing protocatechuic acid) given to streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats (plasma glucose > 300 mg/dL) orally at a single oral dose of 400 mg/kg lowered glycemia by 58.8% at 6 hours, and this effect was superior to glibenclamide at 10 mg/kg (about 40%).289 This extract given 5 weeks orally at a dose of 400 mg/kg/day lowered glycemia by from 530.7 to 249.2 mg/dL (normal 99.8 mg/dL; glibenclamide at 0.5 mg/kg/day: 252. mg/dL) and increased insulinemia from 26.5 to 34.5 µU/mL (normal 34.5 µU/mL; glibenclamide at 0.5 mg/kg/day: 28.5 µU/mL).289 This regimen reduced insulin resistance from.289 The plant synthetizes a broad array of flavonoids of which mainly eupatilin, tamarixetin and pentamethoxyflavanone,290 hesperetin, naringenin, acacetin, salvigenin, kaempferol, aromadendrin 7-methyl ether,291 quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol 3-O-glucopside,292 the benzoic acid derivatives 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid, as well as triterpenes including 3β-acetyloleanolic acid and ursolic acid.290 Aqueous extract of the plant given orally to Wistar rats at 200 mg/kg mitigated inflammatory response induced by carrageenan injection,293 whereas dichloromethane extract of was found to abrogate the activation of nuclear factor-κB in HEK-293/NF-κB-luc cells with an IC50 value of 10 µg/mL.294 Chromomoric acid from this plant is an Nrf2 activator.295 All of this suggests that combined antiinflammatory and antioxidant effect may participate in the insulinotropic effects of this plant. One could reasonably anticipate, at least, an overall hypoglycemic effect combining increased insulin secretion and increase plasma glucose uptake by skeletal muscles and adipocytes.
Bixin Triggers Apoptosis of Human Hep3B Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells: An Insight to Molecular and IN SILICO Approach
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2018
Yogesh Kumar, Alugoju Phaniendra, Latha Periyasamy
The cells with defective G2/M checkpoints may allow the damaged cell to enter into mitosis phase and direct into apoptosis and enhanced cyto-toxicity of the chemotherapy. G2/M arrest may be due to impaired segregation of chromososmes and thus likely to be associated with aberrant mitotic spindles (56). Wentilactone B extracted from Aspergillus wentii EN-48 has potential for G2/M arrest and apoptosis in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cell. This is mediated by Ras/Raf/ERK and Ras/Raf/JNK signaling pathway (57). Another molecule Tamarixetin arrest the G2/M phase of human leukemia cell and induce apoptosis and accumulate B1, Bub1 and p21(Cip1/Waf-1), and changes in the phosphorylation status of cyclin B1, Cdk1, Cdc25C, and MPM-2, and inhibition of tubulin polymerization (58).
Intestinal phase-II metabolism of quercetin in HT29 cells, 3D human intestinal tissues and in healthy volunteers: a qualitative comparison using LC-IMS-MS and LC-HRMS
Published in Xenobiotica, 2019
Clément Chalet, Boudewijn Hollebrands, Guus S. Duchateau, Patrick Augustijns
Quercetin (Q), isorhamnetin (I), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), McCoy’s 5 A medium and poly-DL-alanine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany). Tamarixetin (T) was obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Penicillin, streptomycin, Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) and GlutaMax were purchased from Gibco™ (Life Technologies, Paisley, UK). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was provided by Lonza™ (VWR, Verviers, Belgium). Ascorbic acid was purchased from Prolabo™ (VWR, Leuven, Belgium). Acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH) and formic acid (all UPLC-MS grade) were obtained from BioSolve BV (Valkenswaard, The Netherlands). High-purity water was produced with a Synergy UV water purification system from Merck Millipore (Amsterdam, The Netherlands).