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Anxiety
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
CBD has been gaining in popularity for many conditions, and early research is promising regarding its ability to help relieve anxiety. CBD can be derived from both hemp and marijuana plants. Hemp has been cultivated for many years and used to make clothing and various fiber products. However, because hemp and marijuana both come from cannabis plants, there is much confusion about the difference between the two compounds. So, what are the facts? The cannabis plant has several varieties, which contain different compounds called cannabinoids. CBD is a cannabinoid, as is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).THC is a psychoactive compound—it is the stuff that gets you high.CBD products derived from hemp are a particular variety of the cannabis plant. They contain less than 0.3% THC and do not have any psychoactive effects. They are legal federally, but still illegal under some state laws.Marijuana is derived from varieties of the cannabis plant that contain much higher and varying amounts of THC. Marijuana is illegal federally, but legal under some state laws.
Substance Abuse
Published in S Paige Hertweck, Maggie L Dwiggins, Clinical Protocols in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 2022
Christine Osborne, Sarah K. McQuillan
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the two most common cannabinoids.THC has psychoactive properties and can induce a sensation of euphoria and significantly alter perception, alertness, coordination, mood, and energy.CBD is devoid of psychoactive properties.
Inhalational Durg Abuse
Published in Jacob Loke, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
Jacob Loke, Richard Rowley, Herbert D. Kleber, Peter Jatlow
The active ingredient of marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol. Quantitation of the parent compound in serum is essential for establishing intoxication or impairment. Concentrations of the parent drug in serum are low, generally in the few nanograms per milliliter range, and, with the use of currently available methodology, are detectable only for a short time after use. Drug abuse screening generally relies on the detection of the major metabolite 1 l-nor-delta-9-THC-9carboxylic acid (THC-acid). Exquisitively sensitive immunoassays are available, which can detect as little as 25 ng/ml of the predominant metabolite in urine. THC-acid can be detected in urine for days or even weeks after marijuana use, especially in chronic users. Thus, conclusions regarding behavior cannot be drawn from a positive urine assay. There are some data to suggeat that low levels of the metabolite may be detected transiently in urine following passive exposure to marijuana smoke, although this risk can be reduced by setting the cutoff limit for the assay sufficiently high (Cone and Rolley, 1986). Confirmation of positive immunoassay results for cannabinoids is considered essential, and is accomplished most specifically with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, although other gas chromatographic detectors have been used.
E-cigarette or vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI): a review of international case reports from outside the United States of America
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2023
Lachlan J. Sund, Paul I. Dargan, John R. H. Archer, David M. Wood
Prevalence studies on “current” adult vaping, usually defined as at least weekly use, have demonstrated comparable rates of e-cigarette use between the US and other international countries. In the 2019 US National Health Interview Survey, the current vaping prevalence was reported as 4·5%, compared to a rate of 5·2–7·2% reported in the United Kingdom (UK) [7,8]. Despite a similar prevalence of use, only three EVALI case reports have been published within the UK [8–11]. Peer-reviewed studies have been conducted in at least 34 other countries, where local prevalence has ranged between 0·2% and 4% [8]. Public Health England previously attributed the lower incidence of EVALI cases to a more regulated vaping products market [8,12]. In particular, recreational use of cannabinoid-based products containing THC remains illegal in the UK. However, Blundell et al. [13], in their UK survey of 2,501 adults aged 16 and over on vaping practices, reported that 6·2% of respondents had previously vaped cannabis. This is comparable to a rate of 9·9% in a similar US survey of 1548 adults aged 18 and over [14].
Healthcare professionals’ and budtenders’ perceptions of perinatal cannabis use
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2022
Celestina Barbosa-Leiker, Olivia Brooks, Crystal Lederhos Smith, Ekaterina Burduli, Maria A. Gartstein
Harm reduction approaches were common with budtenders; nearly all budtenders stated that they guide pregnant women toward low-THC products or products containing CBD. Some noted recommending edible THC over smoked products because they perceived this to be safer. There’s not a law against it, so we can’t stop them, but we try to persuade them if you’re gonna do this – do cannabis – go more for the edibles than the smoking. We’re trying to prevent people from doing the smoking if they’re pregnant. -#18, budtenderIf she was worried about having any THC in her, then I would definitely tell her not to buy anything at the store […] I immediately refer them to a CBD store that has no THC in it because that’s what they’re looking for. -#20, budtender
Is COVID-19 masking the ongoing youth vaping crisis?
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2021
Sean J. Callahan, Michael J. Lanspa, Denitza P. Blagev
Where do we go with all this newfound knowledge? One sorely needed measure is additional legislation. Despite initial enthusiasm to overhaul the U.S. e-cigarette market, the eventual response was restrained. Politicians responded to EVALI with increasing the age one can purchase tobacco products from 18 to 21 and banning all flavored e-cigarettes sold in ‘pod’ form (excluding flavors tobacco and menthol) [44]. While important, these legislative changes left major holes in a coordinated public health response, notably the continued sale of flavored products in disposable and refillable tank vape systems. These policies did nothing to address major concerns scientists had regarding other harmful constituents in ENDS, such as VG/PG, the remaining ‘allowed’ flavorings, and temperatures the devices could achieve. In addition, if one accepts VEA as the major driver of the 2019 EVALI outbreak, these policies did nothing to prevent a recurrence of major respiratory illnesses. Dealers spike THC fluids with VEA to stretch profit margins since marijuana is the most expensive part of the product. THC remains illegal in most states, ensuring users will, by definition, seek illicit sources, and dealers will continue to have an incentive to adulterate these products.