China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Radiobiological Evaluation and Optimisation of Treatment Plans
Published in W. P. M. Mayles, A. E. Nahum, J.-C. Rosenwald, Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics, 2021
which in this case is the probability that zero clonogens survive when the average number after irradiation is . The TCP will therefore be given by:
Image Display And Manipulation In Medical Imaging
Published in Ken Holmes, Marcus Elkington, Phil Harris, Clark's Essential Physics in Imaging for Radiographers, 2021
In addition to DICOM, there are a number of other standards enabling picture archive and communications systems (PACS), as well as wider teleradiolology systems, to operate. Although slightly beyond the remit of this book, some of these standards warrant a mention and include:IEEE 802.3 (ethernet). This stems from computer networks and is associated with the physical layer on which the image data passes (network plugs, sockets, wires, switches and network cards).IEEE 802.5 (token ring). Similar to ethernet standard, except that a ‘token’ is required to gain access to image data. A good example might be a dongle, which is a small device similar to a USB memory stick that has to be physically plugged into a computer in order to access certain images and data.TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet protocol). This is a standard to ensure that data are transmitted over the internet without image or data degradation or corruption.HL-7 (Health Level 7) is basically to ensure that a radiology information system (RIS) can talk to PACS and the hospital information system (HIS) systems. It also enables one hospital PACS, RIS and HIS to talk to another hospital’s set-up.
Data Sources in Medical Imaging
Published in Johan Helmenkamp, Robert Bujila, Gavin Poludniowski, Diagnostic Radiology Physics with MATLAB®, 2020
Jonas Andersson, Lundman Josef, Gavin Poludniowski, Robert Bujila
In addition to specifying how data should be stored in files, the DICOM standard also specifies a network communications protocol. This protocol uses TCP/IP (i.e., the internet protocol suite) for communication between systems. Here we will only look at a simplified example of how DICOM data is communicated between systems.
MlrA, a MerR family regulator in Vibrio cholerae, senses the anaerobic signal in the small intestine of the host to promote bacterial intestinal colonization
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Jialin Wu, Yutao Liu, Wendi Li, Fan Li, Ruiying Liu, Hao Sun, Jingliang Qin, Xiaohui Feng, Di Huang, Bin Liu
V. cholerae has a complex life cycle involving transitions between various aquatic environments, such as surface seawater, and the human small intestine.4V. cholerae can survive in aquatic environments year-round.5 In the host, V. cholerae preferentially colonizes the epithelium of the distal small intestine.6 Once it enters the small intestine, V. cholerae mainly produces two major virulence factors: the cholera toxin (CT) encoded by ctxAB on the lysogenic CTXΦ bacteriophage, which directly causes diarrhea,7 and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), which is required for bacterial attachment to enterocytes and intestinal colonization.8 TCP belongs to the type-4 Pilli family,9 and has been identified as a critical colonization factor for V. cholerae in both animal models and humans.10 TCP is a polymer of repeating subunits of the major pilin protein, TcpA,11 which is encoded by tcpA.12 In V. cholerae, the regulation of TCP biosynthesis is complex and orchestrated, forming an elaborate regulatory network. The TCP operon is mainly activated by the AraC/XylS-family transcriptional regulator, ToxT,13 which is regulated by TcpP and ToxR.14 Recently, TCP was also found to be regulated by other regulators, including Fur,15 HapR,16 AhpAB,17 CRP18 and CarR.19 However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying TCP have not been fully elucidated.
Systematic review and content analysis of asthma knowledge questionnaires: A focus on the knowledge surrounding acute exacerbation management
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2018
Kate Luckie, Tsz Chun Pang, Vicky Kritikos, Bandana Saini, Rebekah Jane Moles
Questions from each instrumentTable 1 regarding asthma knowledge were analysed using the QSR NVivo software. The software package was used to identify different patterns or themes in the questions. A coding framework was established and each question/item was mapped according to the type of knowledge it was assessing. This process was initially performed by TCP and continually verified via a discussion with other authors. The eight categories (or nodes) that were used for this process were general knowledge, prevalence, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, medication and treatment, triggers, asthma and sports, and others. Attitudes, beliefs, demographic data, experience, practice or other items were classified as ‘others’. Independent categorisation of 10% of all asthma knowledge questions was chosen randomly from all instruments (Table 1). This was undertaken by RM and VK to validate the category allocation. Any discrepancies found were discussed and finalised by all team members. No discrepancies were found, so no further independent categorisation was required. All questions then underwent a secondary analysis and categorisation by KL to identify those which related to acute exacerbation and its management (results from this secondary analysis are shown in Table 1). The formatting of each question was examined and questions which were formatted in a manner not conducive to AFA knowledge testing were excluded from the secondary analysis. An example of this was a question which used a Likert scale.
A conceptual distributed framework for improved and secured healthcare system
Published in International Journal of Healthcare Management, 2020
Bikash Kanti Sarkar, Shib Sankar Sana
Hadoop cluster system contains a number of nodes in which one node named NameNode (also called as master node in GFS) is the dedicated one, and the rest are DataNodes (also called as slave nodes). The DataNodes are fully connected and they communicate with each other using TCP-based protocols. In NameNode, the metadata are stored, whereas application data are stored on DataNodes. In particular, the NameNode provides all the necessary services to the DataNodes, whereas the DataNodes mainly do the computing task in parallel. Hence, the Hadoop architecture follows master-slave architecture.