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Macronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Lignin, another form of water-insoluble fiber, contains many different chemical species, including ferulic acid, coumaric acid, vanillic acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde and furfural (23). Lignin is mainly present in plant cell walls of wood and bark, and rarely in vegetables and fruits. It has no nutritive value because it is not digestible in the digestive tract (19). Lignin may have beneficial properties to human health, such as their role as antioxidants and in cancer prevention (23). Cell walls containing lignin or suberin adsorb hydrophobic carcinogens particularly well; furthermore, the presence of lignin, and probably suberin, in the walls makes them resistant to degradation in the colon (23).
Emerging Medicinal Values of Kiwifruit (Actinidia Lindl.)
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Mira Dhakal, Shandesh Bhattarai
β-Sitosterol, Butyl β-D-fructopyranoside, Lignoceric acid, (–)-Quinic acid, γ-lactone, Daucosterol, Indole-3-carboxylic acid, Stigmastane-3,6-diol, Sitoindoside I, 3β-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one, uracil, adenine, myoinositol, (Z)-9,10,11-trihydroxy-12-Octadecenoic acid, Syringaldehyde, Dotriacontanic acid, n-stearic acid, 5,7-dihydroxychromone,8-dimethyl-2-(4, 8, 12-trimethyltridec-11-enyl) chroman-6-ol, alpha- and delta-tocopherol, stigmasterol, Sitosterol, Germacrene D, (E)-β-ocimene, Histidine, Arginine, Tyrosine, Valine, Phenylalanine, Starch, Cellulose, Pectin, Sugars (fructose, glucose), Dietary fibre, Vitamin B1(Thiamine), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B3(Niacin), Vitamin B6, Vitamin B9 (Folate), Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Vitamin K, Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorous (P), Manganese (Mn), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Zinc (Zn), Citric acid, Quinic acid, Maleic acid, 3-penten-2-ol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 3-methyl-2-butenal, 2-hexanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-2-butanone, 3-methyl 3-buten-2-one (Ji and Liang 1985, Takeoka et al. 1986, Bolzoni et al. 1988, Cossa et al. 1988, Young and Paterson 1995, Motohashi et al. 2001, Mariäa et al. 2002, Cui et al. 2007, 2016, Wen-Wei et al. 2010, Zhou et al. 2010, Chen et al. 2011, Shastri et al. 2012, Parameswaran and Murthi 2014, He et al. 2014, 2016, Cui 2016, Xu et al. 2016).
Choerospondias axillaris (Hog plum)
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
The total phenolic content of C. axillaris was reported to be higher than that of other fruits (Li et al. 2016a). The quantitative assay demonstrated that peel contained a significantly higher amount of phenolics than flesh. The phenolic compound comprises of simple phenol to a different class of compounds and its condensed polymer forms. These phenolic constituents were considered to be the major contributor to the reported medicinal use. The most abundant phenolic acid in peel was ellagic acid followed by gallic acid, while the most abundant phenolic acid in flesh was gallic acid followed by protocatechuic acid. The variety of phenolic compounds in flesh was a little more than that in the peel, though the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of flesh were much lower than those of the peel. The simple phenolics (Figure 12.2) found in C. axillaris are protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, syringaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocratechualdehyde, and salicylic acid. The galloylglucosidic constituents have been isolated from stem barks of C. axillaris by chromatographic technique (Li et al. 2014a), and further supported by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS-based analysis (Yang et al. 2016). The reported gallic acid derivatives (Figure 12.3) are gallic acid, ethyl gallate, gallic acid ethyl ether, l-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1, 6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1, 4-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1, 4, 6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, and 1, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose.
Dorycnium pentaphyllum Extract Has Antiproliferative Effect on Human Cervix and Colon Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Selim Demir, Serap Ozer Yaman, Sila Ozlem Sener, Elif Ayazoglu Demir, Rezzan Aliyazicioglu, Ufuk Ozgen, Ahmet Mentese, Orhan Deger, Yuksel Aliyazicioglu
HPLC analyses were carried out on a Shimadzu Corporation LC 20 AT (Kyoto, Japan) system equipped with a UV-Vis detector at 270 nm. The analyses were performed using a reverse phase C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm; Waters Spherisorb, Milfort, MA, USA) on a gradient program with a two solvent system [A: methanol; B: 2% acetic acid in water (pH:2.8)] at a constant solvent flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The injection volume was 20 μL. Seven standards were used for HPLC analysis; p-OH benzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, benzoic acid, and quercetin. Solutions of different standard concentrations (5–100 μg/mL) were prepared with HPLC grade methanol. These were subjected to quantitative analysis on the basis of the calibration graph using the method described above, three separate times (23,24).
Dimethyl Sulfoxide Extract of Dianthus carmelitarum Induces S Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2019
Ibrahim Turan, Selim Demir, Rezzan Aliyazicioglu, Kagan Kilinc, Serap Ozer Yaman, Kubra Akbulut Cakiroglu, Seyda Kanbolat, Elif Ayazoglu Demir, Ahmet Mentese, Yuksel Aliyazicioglu, Orhan Deger
There is a powerful association between phenolic properties and antioxidant activities. We subsequently used the RP-HPLC analysis to identify the phenolic compounds responsible for the antioxidant properties of the extract. Previous research has shown that the genus Dianthus is rich in phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins, and anthraquinones (12). Lamula and Ashafa reported that Dianthus basuticus contains a number of functional compounds, such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and cardiac glycosides, while phlobatannin, flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids were not detected in the same extract (13). Ding et al. isolated some compounds, such as benzoic acid, kaempferol, quercetrin, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-3′,5′-dimethoxyflavone, and trans-p-coumaric acid from D. superbus (26). More recently, Aliyazicioglu et al. demonstrated that D. carmelitarum is rich in syringaldehyde, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, p-OH benzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and benzoic acid (8). Our phenolic composition results are not exactly compatible with those from previous studies. This may have arisen from differences in the plant species investigated and the numbers and types of standards employed. We think that further studies with other standard compounds may reveal the phenolic composition of D. carmelitarum.
Effects of pinealectomy and crocin treatment on rats with isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Mehmet Demir, Eyup Altinoz, Hulya Elbe, Yasemin Bicer, Gurkan Yigitturk, Melike Karayakali, Arwa Fadıl Haqi Ballur
GSH is a strong antioxidant and plays a critical role in the regulation of ROS in the myocardium. In a study on the protective role of neferine against isoproterenol-induced cardiac toxicity in rats, significant decreases were reported in heart tissue GSH levels and TAS in ISO-administered rats (Lalitha et al.2013). In another study on the protective properties of syringaldehyde in ISO-induced cardiotoxicity in rats, a significant decrease was determined in GSH levels (Shahzad et al.2018). In the present study, a significant decrease was observed in GSH levels after ISO application. This reduction might be due to increased oxidative stress and indicated that GSH was depleted to overcome oxidative stress by reacting with superoxide radicals and neutralizing them.