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Radiopharmaceutical Therapy of Cancer
Published in Martin G. Pomper, Juri G. Gelovani, Benjamin Tsui, Kathleen Gabrielson, Richard Wahl, S. Sam Gambhir, Jeff Bulte, Raymond Gibson, William C. Eckelman, Molecular Imaging in Oncology, 2008
Daniel A. Pryma, Chaitanya R. Divgi
Strontium-89 is a β-emitter with a 50.5-day half-life that behaves in vivo as a calcium ion analog. It is administered intravenously as strontium chloride and is subsequently incorporated into new bone by osteoblasts. It has been shown to palliate pain in up to 80% of patients with painful prostate or breast cancer metastases (19–21). Toxicity is hematologic and generally mild and self-limiting (19–21). The major clinical concern with the use of strontium-89 is that while toxicity is mild, because of the long half-life, the toxicity can be prolonged, entailing potential delay in therapy with (other) hematotoxic therapies.
Radiomics and theranostics with molecular and metabolic probes in prostate cancer: toward a personalized approach
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2023
Luca Filippi, Luca Urso, Francesco Bianconi, Barbara Palumbo, Maria Cristina Marzola, Laura Evangelista, Orazio Schillaci
Bone is the most common site of PCa metastatization, with skeletal metastases revealed at autopsy in up to 90% of patients [31]. Skeletal metastases can cause pain, debility, functional impairment and are correlated with poor prognosis [32]. Therefore, the successful management of bone lesions and their complications is of utmost importance for PCa patients’ quality of life, especially in long-term survivors. Unfortunately, despite the many advances in diagnosis and therapy, the clinical setting of mCRPCa with skeletal involvement still remains challenging. In the past decades, several bone-seeking agents, labeled with various radionuclides emitting beta-particles have been employed for bone pain palliation. In particular, strontium chloride (89SrCl) and samarium-ethylenediamine tetramethylene-phophonate (153Sm-EDTMP) achieved good pain control with consequent improvement of patients’ overall quality of life [33]. Nevertheless, a survival benefit in patients submitted to therapy with beta-emitting bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals was not clearly demonstrated.
Comparative studies on the potential use of 177Lu-based radiopharmaceuticals for the palliative therapy of bone metastases
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Hesham M. H. Zakaly, Mostafa Y. A. Mostafa, Darya Deryabina, Michael Zhukovsky
In contrast, strontium chloride remains in the blood for a very long time, which can be explained as a feature of its biokinetics and long half-life (50 days). Methylenediphosphonate (177Lu-MDP) also has acceptable retention in the blood. The retention dynamics in the bone surface repeat the basic pattern: in comparison with the other drugs under consideration, the low activity of the drug 89SrCl2 has a low retention rate. Phosphonate complexes labeled with the radionuclide 177Lu prevent excessive exposure of the bone surface, in contrast to the radionuclide lutetium in an ionic form.
Artificial oocyte activation: physiological, pathophysiological and ethical aspects
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
George Anifandis, Alexandros Michopoulos, Alexandros Daponte, Katerina Chatzimeletiou, Mara Simopoulou, Christina I. Messini, Nikolas P. Polyzos, Katerina Vassiou, Konstantinos Dafopoulos, Dimitrios G. Goulis
Several clinical studies have been conducted in relation to a variety of non-natural oocyte stimulators, such as Ca+2 ionophore A23187, ionomycin and strontium chloride. Physical stimuli, such as electrical activation, result in the formation of pores in the plasma membrane of the oocyte and, subsequently, in Ca+2 influx that activates the oocyte (Egashira et al. 2009). Ca+2 ionophores, such as ionomycin and Ca+2 ionophore A23187, are the most known and commonly used activators (Nasr-Esfahani et al. 2010). They act through the increase of Ca+2 permeability of the cell membrane, allowing extracellular Ca+2 to flow into the oocytes; nevertheless, both Ca+2 ionophores are not capable of producing Ca+2 oscillations (Tesarik and Testart 1994). Strontium chloride has been found to induce Ca+2 oscillations in mouse models; nevertheless, in humans, treatment with strontium chloride after ICSI failure improves fertilization rates and embryo quality, resulting in pregnancy success (Chen et al. 2010). Similarly, a healthy girl was born after ICSI of oocytes with frozen-thawed spermatozoa and subsequent treatment with strontium chloride (Kim et al. 2012). Recently, the combination of Ca+2 ionophore A23187 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) found to salvage unfertilized oocytes after ICSI (Kyono et al. 2008; Economou et al. 2017). In conclusion, although AOA is increasingly applied in human assisted reproduction, it should not be considered as an established treatment and has to be applied with caution. Furthermore, it is essential to note that most experiments have been conducted in animal models and the direct extrapolation of these results to human subfertile populations should be performed with caution.