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Prostate Cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Malcolm Mason, Howard Kynaston
It was through the dramatic effects of orchidectomy, and hormone therapy with estrogens in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, that the exquisite sensitivity to androgen deprivation was first demonstrated in the 1940s. The overall response rate to first-line ADT is of the order of 85%. Subsequent studies by the Veterans Administration in the United States confirmed these high response rates, but the use of stilbestrol in relatively high doses was associated with an unacceptably high rate of deaths from cardiovascular disease. The mainstay of ADT remained surgical orchidectomy until the introduction in the 1980s of LHRH agonists, which are now the most commonly used form of ADT.
Nutrition
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
2.1. Breast milk production is likely to be increased byextra water in the mother's diet.a strongly sucking infant.extra milk in the mother's diet.administration of stilboestrol.maximal emptying of the breasts.
The use of hormonal therapy for management of severe postmenopausal symptoms following breast cancer
Published in A. R. Genazzani, Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cancer, 2020
Conflicting results using various hormone regimens over the past 50 years have cast some doubt on the widely held belief that exogenous hormones are contraindicated for women who have had breast cancer. Haddow and colleagues12 were the first to use an estrogen to treat women with advanced breast cancer. They found that high-dose stilbestrol was associated with a partial remission in some of their patients. Subsequently, other authors13–16 have published data to show that estrogens do not increase the mortality rate when administered to women with advanced breast cancer, and the remission rates were similar to those achieved when anti-estrogens such as progestogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) were used17–20.
The anti-biofilm and anti-virulence activities of trans-resveratrol and oxyresveratrol against uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Published in Biofouling, 2019
Jin-Hyung Lee, Yong-Guy Kim, Chaitany Jayprakash Raorane, Shi Yong Ryu, Jae-Jin Shim, Jintae Lee
All experiments were conducted in nutrient broth at 37 °C using uropathogenic Escherichia coli O6:H1 strain CFT073 (ATCC 700928), a clinical isolate of a highly virulent strain from the blood of a woman with acute pyelonephritis (Welch et al. 2002), and E. coli O1:K1:H7 (ATCC 11775) which was isolated from a human urinary tract infection (Rivas et al. 2007). The bacteria were initially streaked from –80 °C glycerol stock onto LB plates, grown, and then cultured from a fresh single colony in LB broth. t-Stilbene, stilbestrol, t-resveratrol, and oxyresveratrol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA), and ε-viniferin, suffruticosol A, and vitisin A (a resveratrol dimer, trimer, and tetramer, respectively) were obtained from the Korea Chemical Bank (http://www.chembank.org, Daejeon, Republic of Korea). These compounds were originally purified from the seed extract of Paeonia lactiflora (Paeoniaceae). The purification procedures used and their physico-chemical and spectroscopic data, including NMR spectra, have been previously described (Choi et al. 2011). All compounds were >95% pure as determined by LC-MS (Waters 2795 and Micromass ZQ 2000, Milford, MA, USA) (Choi et al. 2011), and were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and DMSO (0.1% vv–1) was used as the negative control. DMSO at <0.1% did not affect bacterial growth or biofilm formation (results not shown).
Critical review of renal tubule karyomegaly in non-clinical safety evaluation studies and its significance for human risk assessment
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2018
No record of renal tubule karyomegaly occurring in hamsters was found in association with hamster models of renal carcinogenesis. Natural and synthetic estrogen-induced renal tumors in the Syrian hamster have been well studied, particularly using diethyl-stilboestrol as the inducing agent (Li et al. 1983; Li and Li 1984). Diethyl-stilboestrol is associated with a high incidence of renal tumors in Syrian hamsters, which were originally believed to be carcinomas (Horning and Whittick 1954). There is now consensus that this neoplasm arises, not from the renal tubules, but from a primitive cell resident in the interstitium (Hacker et al. 1988; Gonzalez et al. 1989). In tracing the pathogenesis of tumor development, some studies have reported nuclear changes in the renal tubules, including nuclear enlargement (Oberley et al. 1991), but this enlargement appears to have been a uniform change of the lining of some tubules, with basal disposition of the nuclei and modest increase in dimensions dissimilar to karyomegaly. Also, aneuploidy characterizes the renal tissue, but this does not appear to exceed a tetraploid state (Li et al. 1993). In none of the numerous reports on this tumor system was there any reference to karyomegaly in the renal tubules.