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Understanding the Metabolomics of Medicinal Plants under Environmental Pollution
Published in Azamal Husen, Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Prachi Sao, Rahat Parveen, Aryan Khattri, Shubhra Sharma, Neha Tiwari, Sachidanand Singh
Solanum nigrum is a high-biomass accumulator and a fast-growing annual medical plant. Due to the well-developed detoxification metabolic activity, in which heavy metals bind to suitable ligands such as organic acids, proteins, and peptides in the presence of enzymes that can also function at a high level of toxic metals, it can metabolize a large number of heavy metals in contaminated soil without causing any toxic effects to the environment (Cui et al., 2007). Several metabolic reactions are adjusted to reduce the negative effects of chronic heavy metals. Furthermore, there is an increase in the number of metabolites such as soluble sugars, proteins, proline, glycine betaine, flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids. Among metabolic processes, Amino acid metabolism is critical in plants and metal toxicity tolerance, as it modulates ion transport, stomatal conductance, and ROS scavenging (Rai et al., 2004). Abdel and Sallam observed that irrigation with wastewater increased the accumulations of total free amino acids and proline content in maize (Abdel Latef and Sallam, 2015). Homer et al. also discovered amino acid accumulation in three hyperaccumulator species, Walsuramonophylla, Phyllanthus palwanensis, and Dechampetalumglenoides, in response to heavy metal contamination (Homer et al., 1997; McNear et al., 2010).
Natural Products as Economical Agents for Antioxidant Activity
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Masood Sadiq Butt, Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants, 2019
Nida Nazar, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain, Syed Makhdoom Hussain, Poonam Singh Nigam
Human are utilizing the Glycyrrhiza species (Licorice) since 4000 years to cure different diseases especially cough. More than 30 species are included in the genus Glycyrrhiza and 15 out of 30 have been studied regarding their medicinal use. Glycyrrhiza glabra is being used in the preparation of varying medicines.29 Key component of G. glabra as shown Table 8.1 is glycyrrhizic acid (triterpene glucoside), which is 50 times more sweet as compared with sugar.144 Root extract of licorice is good to cure liver diseases and its antioxidant activities were studied by performing DPPH Assay.29,58 In Indo-Pak subcontinent, Salanum nigrum L (commonly called Black nightshade) has broad uses in medicines.117 The different parts of Solanum nigrum such as stem fruit and leaves against different assays are rich source of antioxidative compounds.143
Alternative and Complementary Medicine in Treating Fungal Dermatophytic Infections
Published in Anne George, K. S. Joshy, Mathew Sebastian, Oluwatobi Samuel Oluwafemi, Sabu Thomas, Holistic Approaches to Infectious Diseases, 2017
Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) is commonly called black nightshade, is an annual herbaceous plant, which can reach upto 100 cm in height. The stem may be smooth or bear small hairs. The flowers usually white in color, have five regular parts and are up to 0.8 cm wide. The leaves are alternate and somewhat ovate with irregularly toothed wavy margin and can reach 10 cm in length and 5 cm in width. The fruit is a round fleshy berry up to 2 cm in diameter and yellowish when ripe. The seeds are brown and numerous (1998) reported the anti-dermatophytic activity against M.canis, T.mentagrophytes and T.violaceum showing MIC value about 8.0 ± 2.82, 61.5 ± 10.13 and 81.2 ± 10.83 μg/mL respectively. Ethanolic and aqueous extract significantly inhibited the Trichophyton species and no effect on Epidermophyton floccosum (Shamin et al., 2004).
Apoptosis Induction through MAPK Signaling Pathway in LoVo Cells by Fatty Acid Fraction from Rice Bran Oil
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Patamapan Tamvapee, Ramida Watanapokasin
The concept of using natural food chemicals such as FA as cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic agents is attractive because these substances are usually available at low cost, readily metabolized in human body and usually do not produce significant harms to normal cells (48). Previous studies reported FA as potential adjunctive cancer chemotherapeutic agents such as lipid fractions (LFs) extracted from silver carp brain inhibited the cell proliferation of HeLa cells in a time- and concentration- dependent manner by cell cycle arrest at the S stage and by inducing apoptosis (48). Krill oil extract inhibited cell proliferation of HCT-15 and SW-480 in a similar manner as fish oil extract showing significant increased cell apoptosis and increased mitochondrial membrane potential (4). FA rich fraction of Solanum Nigrum induced apoptosis on cervical cancer cell lines by increased Bax, p53 and p21 but decreased Bcl-2 expression (49).
Protective role of astragaloside IV in gastric cancer through regulation of microRNA-195-5p-mediated PD-L1
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2021
Wei Liu, Han Chen, Dongsheng Wang
Gastric cancer (GC) contributes greatly to cancer-related death worldwide, since many cases are inoperable at diagnosis or recurrent after resection with curative intent [1]. Surgery remains to be the only curative choice for those in early stage, while adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy is often combined with surgery to treat locally advanced disease. However, patients developing metastasis often have poor outcomes [2]. Alteration in the tumor microenvironment that involves immune response and stroma modification, contribute to promising outcomes. In addition to this, novel treatment strategies are emerging for GC patients on the basis of more in-depth understanding of tumor biology and molecular mechanisms [3]. Intriguingly, herbal extracts (Solanum nigrum and Claviceps purpurea) as well as extracted herbal compounds (such as curcumin, resveratrol, and matairesinol) in combination with anti-tumor drugs showed potential to overcome therapy resistance in addition to chemoprotective actions [4].
Contributions of Avicenna to surgery and anesthesiology
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2020
Take two drams [7.38 ml] of each of Hyoscyamus niger seeds, Papaver somniferum, gum-benzoin and Ferula gummosa, one dram [3.69 ml] of pepper and of Foeniculum vulgare and apply it onto the painful teeth. Drinking Solanum nigrum juice will cause sleep and abolish torment. On the other hand, ice-cold water taken sip by sip, initially increases the pain until the tooth is rendered painless. On the other hand, break up a couple of Papaver somniferum seeds in Rosa × damascena oil and drop into the ear closest the agonizing tooth [17].