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Autofluorescence as a Parameter to Study Pharmaceutical Materials
Published in Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina, Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations, 2020
Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina
Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting the growth and productivity of plants in many areas of the world due to the increasing use of poor-quality water for irrigation and soil salinization (Gupta and Huang 2014). The typical definition of a halophyte is a plant species that can survive and reproduce under growth conditions with more than 200 mM NaCl. It has been conservatively estimated that there is approximately 1000 million ha of salt-affected land throughout the world (Liu et al. 2018). Salt stress is a combination of ionic stress due to the chaotropic effects of incoming Na+ and Cl– and osmotic stress resulting from a decrease in water potential (Lugan et al. 2010). The result of these disturbances in water management is a loss of turgor, inhibition of cell elongation, stomatal closure, and decrease in the intensity of photosynthesis (Cassaniti et al. 2012). Therefore, it is important to carry out studies that allow the selection of suitable, salt-tolerant species. Some medicinal plants have the ability to grow under salinity due to the presence of different mechanisms for salt tolerance; such plants are known as salt-resisting plants, salt-tolerating plants, or halophytes (Aslam et al. 2011).
Impact of pH conditions and the characteristics of two electrodialysis membranes on biofilm development under semi-realistic conditions
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Jörg Böllmann, Marion Martienssen
Freshwater scarcity has become an increasing problem worldwide with an agricultural sector taking up as much as 70% of the total freshwater consumption (FAO 2017). The reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation is one way to meet the increasing demand for irrigation water where there is a decreasing natural water supply (Qadir and Sato 2016). Removal of excess minerals and pathogenic bacteria is often necessary to avoid soil salination and reinfection with diseases (Qadir and Scott 2010; Goodman et al. 2013; Aguas et al. 2019). Membrane-based electro-dialyses is one established procedure (Strathmann 2010; Bunani et al. 2013; Xie et al. 2016) to generate water of adequate quality (Goodman et al. 2013).