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Prostatic Hypertrophy/Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Beta-sitosterol (e.g., Super Beta Prostate), a phytosterol, 60-130 mg/day in a systematic review decreased symptoms of BPH and increased urinary output, but did not shrink enlarged prostates.9,11 Because pumpkin seeds contain beta-sitosterol some studies recommend taking 10 gm of pumpkin seed extract daily for BPH symptoms.12
Atherosclerosis
Published in George Feuer, Felix A. de la Iglesia, Molecular Biochemistry of Human Disease, 2020
George Feuer, Felix A. de la Iglesia
The effect of dietary cholesterol on serum cholesterol has not been unequivocally established. Some reports indicated that dietary cholesterol contributes to elevated serum levels. Inhibition of cholesterol absorption is, therefore, an important route for control. Experiments have shown that various sterols of plant origin, such as β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and ergosterol, can prevent hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.288,634 β-Sitosterol has been the most frequently applied steroid; administration of large daily amounts reduce cholesterol and LCAT activity; a fall in β-lipoprotein level is also observed.677 Side effects are minimal, but the drug has an unpleasant taste and is no longer commonly prescribed. β-Sitosterol competes with cholesterol for the site of esterification.
Food as medicine
Published in Geoffrey P. Webb, Nutrition, 2019
Plants do not produce cholesterol but they do produce a range of steroids which are very similar in chemical structure to cholesterol and are collectively termed phytosterols. The most prevalent of these plant sterols are called β-sitosterol and campesterol which make up over 80% of total dietary phytosterols. Other phytosterols include stigmasterol and the fungal steroid ergosterol which when irradiated with UV light yields vitamin D2. The average daily intake of these plant sterols is normally around 100–300 mg in the UK with the highest intakes in vegetarians. These plant sterols are structurally very similar to cholesterol e.g. the only difference between cholesterol and β-sitosterol is that the latter has an extra ethyl (CH3CH2) group attached to carbon 24 of cholesterol. Cholesterol and most plant sterols have a double bond in one of the rings of the steroid nucleus (between carbons 5 and 6). A tiny proportion of the plant sterols in the diet do not have this double bond and are sometimes termed the saturated phytosterols or the (phyto)stanols– these structures are exemplified in Figure 14.3 which shows the structures of cholesterol, β-sitosterol and β-sitostanol.
Bridelia ferruginea inhibits key carbohydrate digesting enzyme and intestinal glucose absorption and modulates glucose metabolism in diabetic rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Olajumoke Oyebode, Lindiwe Zuma, Ochuko Lucky Erukainure, Neil Koorbanally, Md. Shahidul Islam
2-Methoxy-3–(2-propenyl) phenol found solely present in the aqueous fraction has been reported for its cytotoxic activity (Espineli et al. 2014), while pyrogallol has been reported to act as an anti-inflammatory agent (Nicolis et al. 2008). Phytol acetate has been reported for its ability to alleviate insulin resistance (Nicolis et al. 2008). Of utmost importance however is the sitosterol identified in the butanol, DCM and ethyl acetate fractions (Figure 8, Table 5). Sitosterol is a dietary phytosterol mainly found in plants, and studies have elucidated its anti-diabetic activity (Gupta et al. 2011, Balamurugan et al. 2011, Karan et al. 2012, Zeb et al. 2017). The presence of sitosterol and other identified phytochemicals in B. ferruginea may contribute synergistically to the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and nephroprotective effects of the butanol fraction.
Microneedle mediated transdermal delivery of β-sitosterol loaded nanostructured lipid nanoparticles for androgenic alopecia
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Kousalya Prabahar, Ubaidulla Udhumansha, Nehal Elsherbiny, Mona Qushawy
β-Sitosterol is a natural phytosterol that presents in various parts of plants like leaves, fruits, and rhizomes. Studies have reported that β-Sitosterol has many pharmacological activities like angiogenic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer (Salen et al., 1970; Prager et al., 2002). Interestingly, β-sitosterol has been used for the treatment of AGA due to 5α-reductase inhibiting activity (Cabeza et al., 2003). The main challenges associated with the oral administration of β-sitosterol is poor water and oil solubility, crystalline nature at ambient and body temperatures, and high daily doses (i.e. up to 3 g/day). Complexation with cyclodextrin, liposomal, electrospun nanofibers, solid lipid nanoparticles, self-emulsion drug delivery system (SMDDS), and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have all been studied to improve therapeutic efficacy of by improving β-sitosterol oral absorption (Zhang et al., 2020). A really challenging fact is to successfully incorporate β-sitosterol in the drug preparations.
Downregulation of fibrosis and inflammatory signalling pathways in rats liver via Pulicaria crispa aerial parts ethanol extract
Published in Biomarkers, 2021
Basant M. Morsy, Manal A. Hamed, Howaida I. Abd-Alla, Wessam M. Aziz, Sally N. Kamel
In the present study, treatment with PCEE decreased TC, TG and LDL-C levels and increased HDL-C level which indicated that the extract preserves hepatic protein synthesis and phospholipids metabolism. These results were coincided with the hepatoprotective activity of Eclipta prostrata and Vernonia amygdalina against hepatotoxins due to their richness with steroids (Abdou et al. 2019, Dogra et al. 2020). Many steroids were reported to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory in vivo and in vitro studies (Sang et al. 2019). β-sitosterol (24-ethylcholesterol), a natural steroidal molecule similar to cholesterol was identified as the main sterol in P. crispa extract (Fahmi et al. 2019b). The role of plant sterol ester of α-linolenic acid treatment to ameliorate lipid disorder, suppress hepatic steatosis, inhibit oxidative stress and attenuate inflammatory response has been reported (Han et al. 2019 ).