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Naturally Occurring Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors in the Treatment of Cancers
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Sujatha Puttalingaiah, Murthy V. Greeshma, Mahadevaswamy G. Kuruburu, Venugopal R. Bovilla, SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula
Additionally, inhibition of HDAC upregulated the expression of acetyl-p53 and downregulated Cyclin D1 and E1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Bcl-2 (Jang et al., 2020). In animals, administration of gallic acid reduced the xenografted tumors’ growth (Kaur et al., 2009). Ethanolic extract of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack, which is rich in sinapinic acid, inhibited cervical cancer cell line HeLa and colorectal cancer cell line HT29 by downregulating HDAC activity (Senawong et al., 2013). In summary, phenolic acids isolated from plants inhibit HDAC activity thereby reduce tumor growth. Future studies should focus on identifying the most potent phenolic acid, which can inhibit HDAC and develop a nutraceutical formulation to reduce the complications associated with deregulated HDAC activity.
Role of Herbs in Livestock Production in India
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Santosh K. Mishra, Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in Food Design, 2022
Krishan L. Gautam, Rohit Bishist, Bhupender Dutt, Archana Sharma
L. sativum contains protein, glutamic acid, leucine, methionine; and contains significant amounts of iron, calcium, nickel, cobalt, iodine, and folic acid in addition to vitamin A and C. Plant contains sinapine, sinapic acid, benzlycyanide, and glucotropoeoline.
Plant Phenolics
Published in Ruth G. Alscher, John L. Hess, Antioxidants in Higher Plants, 2017
Much of our limited knowledge about suberin structure comes largely from chemical degradation studies in which the components released from suberin-enriched tissues were isolated and subsequently characterized using GC-MS and 1H/13C NMR spectroscopic techniques.134-136,142 It was initially established that longchain fatty acids, from C16 to >C28 alcohols, and ω-hydroxyalkanoic and α,ω-alkanedioic acids predominated (Figure 6).137-142 Rare, odd-chain length analogs have also been reported in the hydrolysates of suberin-enriched samples.143 Findings of this type led to the initial conclusion that suberin was a readily saponifiable ester-linked lipid-like material (i.e., a polyester).144-145 Suberized tissue also contained phenolic material, since sinapic acid 29 was isolated from saponified suberin samples, where it was presumed linked to lipid material.130
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Huaqing Yan, Xiaobo Cui, Peng Zhang, Rubing Li
The potential molecular mechanisms of fruit and vegetable consumption and the prevention of PCa has remained poorly understood. Because the association between diet and PCa is complex, most basic researches focused on only fruit and vegetable extracts. It is reported that grape seed extract inhibited the cell viability and migration in DU145 and PC3M cells through downregulating metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), a critical component of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase complex (25). MTA1 is localized to the nucleolus and regulates pre-rRNA transcription to promote cancer cell malignancies (26). Sinapic acid, an extract from various vegetables and fruit species, is reported to inhibit PCa cell viability and metastasis by increasing caspase-3 activity and downregulating MMP-9. The discrepancy between experimental studies and cohort studies may due to the following reasons: a) The totally different study design; b) The study subjects are people and PCa cells respectively; c) The exposure and outcome assessment are different; d) Cohort studies require years long follow-up time while experimental studies not. The relationship of fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of PCa still remains unclear and more basic experimental studies should be performed to further elucidate the possible molecular mechanism of fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of PCa.
Dorycnium pentaphyllum Extract Has Antiproliferative Effect on Human Cervix and Colon Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Selim Demir, Serap Ozer Yaman, Sila Ozlem Sener, Elif Ayazoglu Demir, Rezzan Aliyazicioglu, Ufuk Ozgen, Ahmet Mentese, Orhan Deger, Yuksel Aliyazicioglu
HPLC analyses were carried out on a Shimadzu Corporation LC 20 AT (Kyoto, Japan) system equipped with a UV-Vis detector at 270 nm. The analyses were performed using a reverse phase C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm; Waters Spherisorb, Milfort, MA, USA) on a gradient program with a two solvent system [A: methanol; B: 2% acetic acid in water (pH:2.8)] at a constant solvent flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The injection volume was 20 μL. Seven standards were used for HPLC analysis; p-OH benzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, benzoic acid, and quercetin. Solutions of different standard concentrations (5–100 μg/mL) were prepared with HPLC grade methanol. These were subjected to quantitative analysis on the basis of the calibration graph using the method described above, three separate times (23,24).
Pyruvate kinase activators as a therapy target: a patent review 2011-2017
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2018
Sevki Adem, Veysel Comakli, Naim Uzun
A series of natural flavonoids was examined to identify the inhibitor and activator effect on the PKM2 enzyme, and the results demonstrated that some compounds exhibited activation effect at low concentration. The best activation was shown by myricetin (AC50 = 0.51 µM). PKM2 was activated by tangeritin, scutellarin, isoquercitrin with of 0.95, 1.34, and 1.46 µM AC50 values, respectively. Diosmetin, baicalin, baicalein, naringenin, and luteolin presented an intermediate-level activator effect with AC50 values between 10 and 72 µM. The phenolic acids such as p-coumaric acid and sinapinic acid acted as an activator with AC50 values of 22 and 26 µM, respectively. The alterations in the substituted groups of basic flavonoid structure result in significant differences in PKM2 activity. For example, compounds in which the OH groups on aromatic A ring and heterocyclic C ring are the same but the number and position of OH groups on aromatic B ring are different have quite different effects (Figure 10). While quercetin (OH at position 3ʹ and 4ʹ), galangin (not OH), morin (OH at position 4ʹ), and kaempferol (OH at position 3ʹ) displayed inhibitory effect with IC50 values between 9 and 10 µM, myricetin having hydroxyl groups at position 3ʹ, 4ʹ, and 5ʹ acted as an activator toward PKM2 at a lower concentration.