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Bladder and Prostate Cancer
Published in Spyridon E. Kintzios, Maria G. Barberaki, Evangelia A. Flampouri, Plants That Fight Cancer, 2019
Charlie Khoo, Yiannis Philippou, Marios Hadjipavlou, Abhay Rane
Early results of selenium levels on bladder cancer incidence have indicated a protective effect suggesting possible use as a chemopreventive agent. One study reported an increased risk of bladder cancer in people with lower serum selenium concentrations (Kellen et al. 2006). A meta-analysis of bladder cancer incidence which included five observational studies found an inverse association, with an overall risk estimate of 0.67 (95% CI 0.46–0.97), suggesting a protective effect of higher selenium levels against bladder cancer (Dennert et al. 2011). Conversely, secondary analysis of the SELECT trial suggested no effect of selenium and vitamin E alone or in combination on bladder cancer, with a similar incidence occurring in each group (Lotan et al. 2012). Additionally, results from the SELEnium and BLAdder cancer Trial (SELEBLAT) suggest that selenium does not diminish recurrence of bladder cancer in patients who have undergone transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) for non-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (NCT00729287). In this randomized multicenter trial, the intervention group received 200 mg/day selenium-yeast supplementation over three years (with the control group receiving placebo). There was no significant difference in the recurrence-free interval between intervention and control groups (HR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.44–1.28) (Goossens et al. 2015).
Vitamins and Supplements: Evidence in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Jenna M. Holzhausen, Aaron D. Berman
There is no data examining selenium alone for the secondary prevention of CVD except in individuals with a severe deficiency at baseline, as has been observed in patients with Keshan disease, a cardiomyopathy found in areas of China with selenium-deficient soil.182 In patients with pre-existing CVD, a combination of beta-carotene 25 mg, vitamin C 1,000 mg, vitamin E 800 IU, and selenium 100 mcg daily did not reduce the frequency of clinical cardiovascular events compared to placebo and actually resulted in a reduction in the cardioprotective HDL-2.35 Additionally, a prospective randomized controlled trial of 443 elderly patients (aged 70–88 years) reported that taking 200 mcg of organic selenium yeast in combination with CoQ10 200 mg daily for an average of 5.2 years reduced cardiovascular mortality by 53% compared to placebo.183 A multivariate analysis confirmed statistical significance following adjustment for several risk factors. In addition, a significant reduction in NT-proBNP was observed in the treatment group at 24 and 48 months. Although extensive prior cardiac history was not reported for the participants, 74% of the study population had a past medical history of hypertension, 23% had ischemic heart disease, and 48% were reported to have NYHA Class II or III heart failure. Unfortunately, it is not able to be discerned whether the benefits observed in this trial are due to the selenium, CoQ10, or the combination. Therefore, selenium cannot be routinely recommended at this time, except in individuals with (or at risk for) severe deficiency.
Selenium and AIDS
Published in Ronald R. Watson, NUTRIENTS and FOODS in AIDS, 2017
Olmsted supplemented 19 AIDS or ARC patients with 4 tablets daily of 100 μ g selenium yeast for 70 days.15 He observed a 2-time increase in mean whole blood selenium. However, 2 patients had a decrease in plasma selenium while supplemented although they had no sign of gastrointestinal disturbance or opportunistic disease. The authors think that these 2 patients had poor compliance to treatment. Of the 19 supplemented patients, 14 reported subjective improvement assessed from a subjective health status questionnaire. One patient felt his health deteriorated although his blood selenium concentration increased from 0.11 to 0.23 μ g/ml, and 4 felt no change in their health.
Bioactive compounds of the Mediterranean diet and prostate cancer
Published in The Aging Male, 2018
Olga López-Guarnido, Noelia Urquiza-Salvat, Maria Saiz, David Lozano-Paniagua, Lourdes Rodrigo, Manrique Pascual-Geler, Jose Antonio Lorente, Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero, Ana Rivas
SELECT, one of the largest studies of chemoprevention for PCa [71], showed the efficacy of daily supplementation with 200 μg selenium. In 2011, Algotar et al. [63] demonstrated that supplementation with selenized yeast for 4–6 weeks significantly increases prostate tissue selenium levels in patients with PCa in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, other clinical studies showed no effect of selenium supplementation on PCa risk [32,61,72]. The discordance between the clinical studies could be in part due to the different forms of selenium supplement used. A few studies used L-selenomethionine and other high-selenium yeast containing multiple organic and inorganic forms of selenium. Timing and duration of supplement use is also an important determinant of the efficacy. The beneficial effect of dietary selenium and supplements on PCa remains inconclusive. Further studies to determine its efficacy, dose, and formulation of selenium on reducing the risk of PCa are needed.
The user safety assessment of a selenized yeast feed additive
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2022
Gerry P. Dillon, Colm A. Moran
There are five selenized yeasts and seven other selenium-based compounds of trace elements approved as feed additives in animal nutrition in the EU. Among these is ‘Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3060 inactivated’ (Sel-Plex®), which was the first selenized yeast to be approved for use in the EU under Regulation (EU) 1750/2006 and renewed for a further ten years under Regulation (EU) 2019/8046,7. The authorised additive is characterised as having a selenium concentration between 2000 and 2400 mg/kg and a selenomethionine content greater than 63%. As part of the safety evaluation of the additive, a comprehensive range of target animal, toxicological and user safety studies have been performed. EFSA concluded in their resulting assessment of the additive that Sel-Plex® has very low acute oral toxicity and is unlikely to have any genotoxic potential8. Moreover, it is considered non irritant to the eyes and skin9. Selenised yeast may also be used in human nutrition as a source of selenium. EFSA has assessed selenium enriched yeast for nutritional use in foods the general population and concluded it was safe for human use10. Selenium-enriched yeast is authorised in the EU as a mineral substance which may be used in the manufacture of food supplements, and which may be added to food by Regulation (EC) No 1170/200911. In the USA, selenium yeast is allowed by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a food additive permitted for use in feed via 21 CFR 573.920 (g). It is also listed as a feed ingredient in the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) Official Publication. In Canada, selenium enriched yeast is listed in Schedule IV of the Canadian Feeds Regulations, 1983 (SOR/83–593).