China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Monographs of essential oils that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
A man had allergic contact dermatitis from geranium oil, Bourbon, in an aftershave; the patient also had photocontact allergy to sandalwood (Santalum album) oil (2). A patient with hand dermatitis reacted to geranium oil Bourbon, rose oil, geraniol and several other fragrances and essential oils; she used a ‘fragrance-free’ hand soap containing rose oil (15).
Medicinal Plants in Natural Health Care as Phytopharmaceuticals
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Santalum album is a small- to medium-sized ever green, glabrous, semi-parasitic tree with slender drooping branches, opposite leaves, hermaphrodite flowers, axillary or terminal, trichotomous panniculate cymose inflorescence and small globose fruiting berries. The sapwood is white and odourless and heart wood is yellowish in colour and scented. The tree is root parasite; it forms haustoria which establishes contact with the host. It obtains lime and potash directly from soil through roots, and for nitrogen and phosphorus, it
Herbs in Health Management
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements, 2020
Sandal is a small- or medium-sized evergreen semiparasitic tree indigenous to India. It grows naturally in the Karnataka state of India. In Karnataka, Hassan, Coorg, Mysore, Kolar, and Bengaluru are sandal-producing districts. It has now been naturalized in many parts of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan. Sandal consists of the heartwood of stem and roots of the tree Santalum album belonging to family Santalaceae. A plant that has attained the age of 30 years is generally selected for the distillation of sandalwood oil. The tree is uprooted, the bark is removed from the stem, and logs are cut into billets. The wood has a pale yellow to red color and pleasant odor. The wood is distilled to get fragrant volatile oil. It contains 2.5% of essential oils. Sandalwood oil contains a mixture of two isomeric sesquiterpene alcohols (95%), α and β santalol. Other chemical constituents present are santene, α and β santalene, santalone, santanone, and α and β santalic acids.
Network pharmacology approach and experimental verification of Dan-Shen Decoction in the treatment of ischemic heart disease
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Difei Gong, Tianyi Yuan, Ranran Wang, Shuchan Sun, Awaguli Dawuti, Shoubao Wang, Guanhua Du, Lianhua Fang
Dan-Shen Decoction is made up of three Chinese herbal medicines, namely Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae) (Danshen), Santalum album L. (Santalaceae) (Tanxiang) and Amomum villosum Lour. (Zingiberaceae) (Sharen), all of which have been shown to activate blood circulation and eliminate blood stasis (Kong and Du 2019). The plant name has been checked with MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org). Dan-Shen Decoction was first mentioned in the book of Shi Fang Ge Kuo for the first time in 1801 A.D., with the comment, "Dan-Shen Decoction has multiple effects on heartache and epigastric pain, especially for women". A large body of evidence suggests that Dan-Shen Decoction appears to have a wide range of pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system. Pretreatment with Dan-Shen Decoction significantly lowers serum myocardial enzyme levels, reduces myocardial infarct area, lowers inflammatory factor expression and protects cardiomyocytes from ischemia/reperfusion injury (Hoo et al. 2021; Ren et al. 2021). The specific mechanism of Dan-Shen Decoction could be used to treat myocardial ischemia by inhibiting the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory vesicles, affecting the expression of apoptosis-related genes and regulating nitric oxide and endothelin levels (Wang and Li 2009; Luo et al. 2011; Yan et al. 2021).
Wei Chang An pill regulates gastrointestinal motility in a bidirectional manner
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Sitong Jia, Lijuan Chai, Jing Zhang, Min Zhang, Lin Li, Yaxin Qi, Yafen Pang, Xi Chen, Nana Fan, Lin Wang, Yujing Wang, Jixiang Song, Yingjie Sun, Yi Wang, Lin Miao, Han Zhang
Wei Chang An (WCA) pill is a commercial drug approved by China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) and has been widely used for gastrointestinal disorder treatment for decades. As the instruction described, WCA prescripts ten herbs including Aucklandia lappa Decne. (Compositae), Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg (Thymelaeaceae), Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) (also called Fructus Aurantii), Magnolia offificinalis Rehd. et Wils. (Magnoliaceae), Santalum album L. (Santalaceae), Rheum offificinale Baill. (Polygonaceae), Croton tiglium L. (Euphorbiaceae), Moschus moschiferus Linnaeus, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae) and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Rhamnaceae) (Liu et al. 2013). Previous studies have analyzed the chemical composition of WCA by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS); 68 known chemical compounds were detected and 41 unknown compounds were identified (Liu et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2013). A few reports have shown that WCA has definite effects in various gastrointestinal diseases. Clinical observation of 60 cases of functional diarrhoea showed that WCA treatment improved the symptoms of diarrhoea and the total effective rate up to 98.3% (Liu et al. 2016). Pharmacological research showed that administration of WCA significantly accelerated gastrointestinal transit in normal mice and reduced stimulated neostigmine-induced gastrointestinal transit (Hu et al. 2009). WCA also attenuated spontaneous contractions induced by ACh or neostigmine in rabbit jejunum and inhibited gastric emptying (Hu et al. 2009; Wang et al. 2012). It has also been noticed that WCA exhibited a bidirectional effect on gastrointestinal transit and the spasmolytic activity of rat-isolated jejunum (Qu et al. 2014). However, it remains unclear that whether WCA ameliorates both diarrhoea and constipation and how WCA balances the contractile behaviours along the gastrointestinal tract.