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Phytosomes: Preparations, Characterization, and Future Uses
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Palakdeep Kaur, Uttam Kumar Mandal
Das and Kalita (2104) investigated Rutin (Ruta graveolens) for the treatment of capillary fragility, hypertension, ultraviolet radiation-induced cutaneous oxidative stress, hepatic, and blood cholesterol, cataract, cardiovascular disease and possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antineoplastic, and antiplatelet activity. It was observed that the rutin phyto-somes were penetrated easily through the stratum corneum than its free form. Skin uptake of Rutin phytosomes was 33 ± 1.33% whereas that of Rutin was 13 ± 0.87% (Das and Kalita, 2014).
Brazilian Medicinal Plant Extracts with Antimicrobial Action Against Microorganisms that Cause Foodborne Diseases
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Luiza Helena da Silva Martins, Sabrina Baleixo da Silva, Carissa Michelle Goltara Bichara, Johnnat Rocha Allan de Oliveira, Adilson Ferreira Santos Filho, Rafaela Cristina Barata Alves, Andrea Komesu, Mahendra Rai
Orlanda and Nascimento (2015) investigated the antibacterial activities of oil isolated from the fresh leaves of Ruta graveolens L., with activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (with MIC values of 0.75–1.40 μg·mL−1), such as Bacillus cereus and S. aureus which are the most susceptible bacteria.
Greece and Rome
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
Rue (Ruta graveolens) is an evergreen plant native to southern Europe. The name of the genus Ruta comes from the Greek rute to set free (from illness), and was given because of its reputation for treatment of various diseases. Rue remained popular as a medicinal and magical drug through the ages. Sprigs of the plant were used to sprinkle holy water during religious ceremonies, and the plant became known by its synonym ‘herb of grace’. Rue was the most popular of the many medications utilized as an abortifacient and emmenagogue from Greek times onwards. Gunthers 1959 translation of Dioscorides reads: ‘It [Rue] moves also ye menstrua ... but kills ye embrya’ (pp. 286–8). Pliny agreed, noting that rue ‘brings away the afterbirth and the fetus that has died before delivery’. He also stated that ‘its use as food hinders the generative powers’ (Jones, 1989 book 20, pp. 77–85). Soranus debated the differences between abortives and contraceptives and agreed that Rue was used for both purposes (Temkin, 1956 pp. 62–8).
PLGA microsphere-based composite hydrogel for dual delivery of ciprofloxacin and ginsenoside Rh2 to treat Staphylococcus aureus-induced skin infections
Published in Drug Delivery, 2020
Minghao Sun, Chune Zhu, Jieyu Long, Chao Lu, Xin Pan, Chuanbin Wu
Though literature has reported many novel antibacterial agents (Li et al., 2015; Mei et al., 2017; Gold et al., 2018), traditional antibiotics are still indispensable in a short term due to the high costs, long cycles and big risks in novel antibiotics development (Årdal et al., 2019). Therefore, the combination of antibiotics and other drugs may be a more reasonable alternative strategy to enhance the susceptibility of bacteria, reduce the occurrence of drug resistance, and even reverse bacterial resistance to antibiotics (Wright, 2017). Recently, Langeveld et al. (Langeveld et al., 2014) indicated that some essential oils and their components had synergistic effect in combination with antibiotics, which may offer possibilities for reducing dosage. Sathiya et al. (Deepika et al., 2018) demonstrated that rutin, a natural compound isolated from Ruta graveolens, displayed enhanced anti-biofilm property when combined with conventional antibiotic gentamicin. Singh et al. (Singh et al., 2017) found that boeravinone B could act as NorA efflux pump inhibitors to effectively retain higher concentrations of ciprofloxacin (Cip) in S. aureus.
“Not tonight zebrafish”: the effects of Ruta graveolens on reproduction
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Mohammad Navid Forsatkar, Maryam HedayatiRad, Ana Carolina Luchiari
One of the most widely used plants for medical purposes is rue, a perennial shrub native to the Mediterranean region, which is grown in many parts of the world (Asgarpanah and Khoshkam 2012). Of the two species of rue used for medical purposes, Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae), an odoriferous herb, is more important (Ratheesh and Helen 2007). Herbal medicines derived from R. graveolens extracts are increasingly used to treat a variety of clinical diseases; this plant has been shown to act as an antibiotic, cytotoxic (Ivanova et al. 2005), anti-inflammatory (Raghav et al. 2006), fungicide (Oliva et al. 2003; Meepagala et al. 2005), pain killer for rheumatism, and hypotensive (Chiu and Fung 1997). However, one of its most ancient prescriptions is related to its contraceptive and abortive effects (Gutiérrez-Pajares et al. 2003; Maurya et al. 2004; De Freitas et al. 2005). A number of phytochemical compounds have been identified in R. graveolens, including acridone alkaloids, coumarins, volatile substances, terpenoids, flavonoids, furoquinolines, saponins, tannins, glycosides and chalepensins (Kuzovkina et al. 2004; Hashemi et al. 2011). The last substance (chalepensin) has been suggested as the active component of the abortifacient (De Freitas et al. 2005). However, relatively little knowledge about rue’s mode of action is available, and while there is growing interest in the pharmacological evaluation of the plant, no attention has been given to excretion and disposal. Indeed, many pharmaceutical products are present in detectable levels in aquatic systems worldwide, some with endocrine disrupting effects on organisms (Kolpin et al. 2002; Blair et al. 2013).
Ruta graveolens and rutin, as its major compound: investigating their effect on spatial memory and passive avoidance memory in rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Shirin Asgharian, Mohammad Reza Hojjati, Mohsen Ahrari, Elham Bijad, Fatemeh Deris, Zahra Lorigooini
Learning and memory are the hallmarks of human beings. Learning and memory are among the highest functional levels of the central nervous system (CNS) (Spencer et al. 2009). Memory is a biological adaptation that enables a living organism to use past experiences to regulate its behaviour against environmental changes. Memory is assumed to be the result of long-term changes induced by learning in the relationship between neurons (Holroyd and Shepherd 2001). The spatial memory and long-term memory are constantly forming in the hippocampus (Diba et al. 2018). Since learning and memory are important issues in science and technology advancement and the number of people with learning and memory disorders is increasing, using herbal drugs in the treatment of forgetfulness and enhancing memory has been a topic of interest for many researchers (Izadpanah et al. 2017). These herbs have been used since ancient times and they rarely lead to side effects (Jamshidi-Kia et al. 2018). There are many medicinal herbs effective in enhancing memory and learning. Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae), which has significant therapeutic properties, is one of the medicinal herbs used in traditional medicine in Iran and some other countries (Shojaii et al. 2016). This herb is referred to as panacea due to its high therapeutic value include the treatment of anticular, ear, pharynx, neurological, pulmonary, digestive, renal, gynecological diseases, parasites excretion, pain relief, and treatment of spasm and inflammation (Asgarpanah and Khoshkam 2012; Ratheesh et al. 2013; Baharvand-Ahmadi et al. 2015; Javadi and Emami 2015). There are more than 120 compounds of different types of flavonoid glycosides, quinoline alkaloids, coumarins, lignins, and flavonoids as the active ingredients of R. graveolens (Stashenko et al. 2000; Gentile et al. 2015). Among these flavonoids, rutin has been a topic of interest for researchers (Adsersen et al. 2006). Also, as a major compound of R. graveolens, rutin enhances memory retrieval and has pharmacological activities, including anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antimycotic properties (Jianxiong et al. 2008). Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate and compare the effect of hydroalcholic extract of R. graveolens and rutin on spatial memory and passive avoidance memory in rats.