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Phytosomes: Preparations, Characterization, and Future Uses
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Palakdeep Kaur, Uttam Kumar Mandal
Das and Kalita (2104) investigated Rutin (Ruta graveolens) for the treatment of capillary fragility, hypertension, ultraviolet radiation-induced cutaneous oxidative stress, hepatic, and blood cholesterol, cataract, cardiovascular disease and possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antineoplastic, and antiplatelet activity. It was observed that the rutin phyto-somes were penetrated easily through the stratum corneum than its free form. Skin uptake of Rutin phytosomes was 33 ± 1.33% whereas that of Rutin was 13 ± 0.87% (Das and Kalita, 2014).
Uterine stimulants
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
In the second century AD, Soranus of Ephesus wrote about the problem of prolonged labor and correcdy deduced that Primigravidae were at most risk, but that women in subsequent labors could also be affected. He divided the causes of prolonged labor into maternal, fetal and pelvic. Soranus also correcdy identified that atonia of the uterus was implicated and he ordered various remedies to strengthen uterine contractions — including decoctions of fenugreek, linseed and mallow, with local application of warm olive oil, administration of an enema, emptying of the bladder and adequate dietary intake (Temkin, 1956). Other uterine ‘tonics’ have been used throughout the ages but many were found to be unreliable, so a code of ‘masterly inactivity’ (non-intervention) prevailed. Despite that, the medicinal herbs rue (Ruta gravcolans) and savin (Juniperus sabina) had a great reputation as uterine stimulants in early and late pregnancy.
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Toxicity — An acro-narcotic poison in excessive doses internally; externally irritant and rubefacient. Oil, very dangerous, has been said to cause abortion. Handling of the foliage, flowers, and/or fruit can produce burning, erythema, itching, and vesication. Can cause dermatitis and Photodermatitis. Taken internally, rue oil can cause severe stomach pain, vomiting, exhaustion, confusion, and convulsion, even fatality. According to Tierra,28 “if there are any adverse symptoms of overdose a small amount of goldenseal root will act as an antidote . . . because rue has emmenagogue properties, it should be avoided by all pregnant women.”28
PLGA microsphere-based composite hydrogel for dual delivery of ciprofloxacin and ginsenoside Rh2 to treat Staphylococcus aureus-induced skin infections
Published in Drug Delivery, 2020
Minghao Sun, Chune Zhu, Jieyu Long, Chao Lu, Xin Pan, Chuanbin Wu
Though literature has reported many novel antibacterial agents (Li et al., 2015; Mei et al., 2017; Gold et al., 2018), traditional antibiotics are still indispensable in a short term due to the high costs, long cycles and big risks in novel antibiotics development (Årdal et al., 2019). Therefore, the combination of antibiotics and other drugs may be a more reasonable alternative strategy to enhance the susceptibility of bacteria, reduce the occurrence of drug resistance, and even reverse bacterial resistance to antibiotics (Wright, 2017). Recently, Langeveld et al. (Langeveld et al., 2014) indicated that some essential oils and their components had synergistic effect in combination with antibiotics, which may offer possibilities for reducing dosage. Sathiya et al. (Deepika et al., 2018) demonstrated that rutin, a natural compound isolated from Ruta graveolens, displayed enhanced anti-biofilm property when combined with conventional antibiotic gentamicin. Singh et al. (Singh et al., 2017) found that boeravinone B could act as NorA efflux pump inhibitors to effectively retain higher concentrations of ciprofloxacin (Cip) in S. aureus.
“Not tonight zebrafish”: the effects of Ruta graveolens on reproduction
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Mohammad Navid Forsatkar, Maryam HedayatiRad, Ana Carolina Luchiari
One of the most widely used plants for medical purposes is rue, a perennial shrub native to the Mediterranean region, which is grown in many parts of the world (Asgarpanah and Khoshkam 2012). Of the two species of rue used for medical purposes, Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae), an odoriferous herb, is more important (Ratheesh and Helen 2007). Herbal medicines derived from R. graveolens extracts are increasingly used to treat a variety of clinical diseases; this plant has been shown to act as an antibiotic, cytotoxic (Ivanova et al. 2005), anti-inflammatory (Raghav et al. 2006), fungicide (Oliva et al. 2003; Meepagala et al. 2005), pain killer for rheumatism, and hypotensive (Chiu and Fung 1997). However, one of its most ancient prescriptions is related to its contraceptive and abortive effects (Gutiérrez-Pajares et al. 2003; Maurya et al. 2004; De Freitas et al. 2005). A number of phytochemical compounds have been identified in R. graveolens, including acridone alkaloids, coumarins, volatile substances, terpenoids, flavonoids, furoquinolines, saponins, tannins, glycosides and chalepensins (Kuzovkina et al. 2004; Hashemi et al. 2011). The last substance (chalepensin) has been suggested as the active component of the abortifacient (De Freitas et al. 2005). However, relatively little knowledge about rue’s mode of action is available, and while there is growing interest in the pharmacological evaluation of the plant, no attention has been given to excretion and disposal. Indeed, many pharmaceutical products are present in detectable levels in aquatic systems worldwide, some with endocrine disrupting effects on organisms (Kolpin et al. 2002; Blair et al. 2013).
Reduction of oculocardiac reflex with Tetracaine eye drop in strabismus surgery
Published in Strabismus, 2019
Mojtaba Rahimi Varposhti, Darioush Moradi Farsani, Keyvan Ghadimi, Mehrdad Asadi
In the study of Ruta et al., Lignocaine was used topically, and commonly used intravenous Atropine was not administered to patients. In this study, Lignocaine was applied on the ocular surface after anesthesia, and the conjunctival incision was done. At the end of this study, OCR significantly decreased in children undergoing strabismus surgery by 19%, while OCR incidence had been reported before using lignocaine in 79% of cases.22