China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The sixteenth century
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
The red (and white rose) was adopted by alchemists as a symbol of the vas spirituale, the sacred womb from which the filius philosophorum (son of the philosophers) would be born. The apothecaries’ rose (Rosa gallica) was prescribed as an essential oil (attar) or as dried petals to heal the heart and create a feeling of happiness. Nicholas Culpeper valued the apothecaries’ rose for treatment of disorders of the head and alimentary tract. Walter Cary (1560) wrote that the red rose is cold in the first degree and dry in the second degree, and advised its use for ‘melancolye’ and also for ‘bloody fluxe of the wombe [intestine]’. He described how to make sugar and syrup of roses and noted that even ‘dry roses put to the nose to smell do comfort the brayne’ (Cary, 1560). Squire’s Companion to the British Pharmacopoeia (1908) devoted six pages to preparations of Rosa gallica and Rosa damascena noting that rose extract was mildly astringent with a pleasant odor and an agreeable vehicle for medicines. Rosa centiflora and other species were also used.
Growth And Secondary Metabolites Production In Cultured Cells Of Liverworts
Published in R. N. Chopra, Satish C. Bhatla, Bryophyte Development: Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019
Yoshimoto Ohta, Kenji Kato, Reiji Takeda
Accumulation of lower terpenoids in cultured cells of oil-producing vascular plants has not commonly been reported. In the known examples of terpenoid production, the characteristic components in the mother plants were very often not found in undifferentiated cells.52-55 Failure of cultured cells to produce volatile terpenoids might be explained by one of the following reasons: (1) loss of the ability to biosynthesize this group of compounds or (2) loss of capacity to accumulate the products prevents their further metabolism or degradation. Banthorpe and Barrow56 showed that cell-free extracts of the callus culture of Rosa damascena, which did not accumulate terpenoids characteristic of the mother plant, had several hundred times the amount of active enzymes for monoterpene biosynthesis than were found in the intact plant. They obtained similar results for several other species of oil-producing angiosperms.55 Since the callus and suspension culture of R. damascena rapidly metabolized exogenously supplied monoterpenes via oxidative pathways,57 nonaccumulation of lower terpenoids is considered to be due to further metabolism of nascent products formed endogenously. It is generally assumed that lower terpenoids are biosynthesized and accumulated in specially differentiated secretory structures such as oil glands, and the lack of development of these specialized organs in cultured cells is likely to be the reason for nonaccumulation of these compounds.
Identifying Pharmaceutical-Grade Essential Oils and Using Them Safely and Effectively in Integrative Medicine
Published in Aruna Bakhru, Nutrition and Integrative Medicine, 2018
A randomized, double-blind crossover study also demonstrated the effectiveness of essential oil combinations for primary dysmenorrhea. Forty-eight women received a once daily 10-minute abdominal massage for 7 days prior to menstruation as part of the first phase of the study. The treatment consisted of an essential oil massage with a blend of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), rose (Rosa damascena), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oils (1.5:1.5:1:1 ratio) diluted to 5% in sweet almond oil. Group two (n = 47) received an abdominal massage with almond oil only during phase I of the trial. The two groups switched to the alternate regimen during phase II. During both treatment phases, the level and duration of menstrual pain and amount of menstrual bleeding was significantly reduced by the essential oil massage.56 This study confirms that the efficacy is related to the essential oils and not simply the massage.
Effect of Rose Syrup and Marigold Powder on the Physicochemical, Phytochemical, Sensorial and Storage Properties of Nutricereals and Milk-Based Functional Beverage
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Ashwani Kumar, Amarjeet Kaur, Vidisha Tomer, Kritika Gupta, Kamaljit Kaur
Color is a psychological parameter which affects the esthetic appeal and consumer preference. From color measurements, it was observed that the lightness value of the beverages reduced significantly with the addition of flower extracts. Both the flavored beverages were darker (L* for RFB = 62.69 ± 0.57; L* for MFB = 63.39 ± 1.63) in shade in comparison to the FB (L* = 75.47 ± 0.68). Rose sirup has been reported to have comparatively lower L values ranging from 27.64 to 47 in different species of roses (36). The L* values for dried marigold petals was reported to be in the range of 71 to 75 depending on the method of drying (37). The redness value of RFB (6.82 ± 0.32) and the MFB (6.67 ± 0.95) was higher as compared to the control (1.03 ± 0.2). The petals of Rosa damascena are rich in anthocyanins and possess characteristic bright red color (18). Similarly, MFB had a deep yellow color (21.76 ± 0.72) as compared to control (11.92 ± 0.43) and RFB (13.95 ± 0.39), which can be attributed to the Pusa narangi variety of marigold which has a deep yellow color (38).
Efficacy of a vaginal tablet as a Persian medicine product on vulvovaginal candidiasis: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Somayyeh Khalilzadeh, Tahereh Eftkhar, Laila Shirbeigi, Malihe Tabarrai, Tayebeh Toliyat, Shamim Fayazmanesh, Zeinab Ghasemi, Safar Shamohammadi
One of the options is the use of traditional drugs that have been popular among people for many years. In reliable Old Persian medicine references, such as the Canon of Medicine by ‘Avicenna’ (980–1037 AD), many herbal remedies including the ‘ward’ [Name of Rosa damascena Mill. (Rosaceae) in the Canon of Medicine] were recommended to treat vaginitis (Avicenna 2005). Considering the 10,000-year-old history of Persian medicine, the search for Iranian medical texts that have been used for centuries is a reasonable way to find new drugs, because the use of traditional experiences increases the likelihood of discovering effective drug substances by up to 40 times; this figure is only 1% by random research (Naseri et al. 2012). The anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antimicrobial effects of these herbs and anti-Candida effect of Rosa damascena, Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae), and Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae) have been confirmed in numerous articles regarding conventional medicine (Kaur et al. 2004; Hayder et al. 2008; Boskabady et al. 2011; Hosseinzadeh et al. 2011; Shema-Didi et al. 2012; Anibal et al. 2013; Shin et al. 2015; Hosseini et al. 2016; Masoudi et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2018; Khalilzadeh et al. 2019). It is also recommended to use astringent and aromatic herbs in the treatment of vaginitis in Persian medicine resources (Azamkhan 2008). We investigated, in a randomised controlled trial, the influence of a vaginal tablet based on the ‘ward’ (Rosa damascena) on VVC (Table 1).
Rosa damascena Mill. Essential Oil Has Protective Effect Against Testicular Damage in Diabetic Rats
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2018
Somayeh Hamedi, Tahoora Shomali, Aliakbar Haghighat
Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.), which is known as Gole Mohammadi in Iran, is one of the most famous species of the Rosaceae family, mostly because of its mesmerizing perfume. Its major products are rose water and essential oil (Mahboubi, 2016). R. damascena is also used for medicinal purposes (Hongratanaworakit, 2009), and various products from flowers, petals, and hips (seed pods) of this plant have been studied in vivo and in vitro (Boskabady et al., 2011). This plant contains several components such as terpenes, glycosides, flavonoids, and anthocyanins with beneficial health effects. The pharmacological effects of R. damascena are widespread, including hypnotic, analgesic, and anticonvulsant properties as well as laxative, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Moreover, essential oil of R. damascena has been used for treatment of male sexual dysfunction as well as libido stimulation in Persian traditional medicine. It is suggested that lipid soluble (nonpolar) constituents of this plant are mainly responsible for most of its effects (Boskabady et al., 2011).