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Occupational Hygiene Assessments for the Use of Protective Gloves
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Risk characterization is based on both the hazard characterization and the exposure. For example, the greatest hazard of working in a refinery is the danger of fire and explosion. Major fire is an extremely rare event (very low frequency), but the severity is so great that most companies are willing to go to great lengths and expenses to protect against it. This has included the mandated use of fire-resistant clothing by all workers as well as other measures. Another example of severe health effects is dimethyl mercury. Several drops over a hand wearing a disposable latex glove had been fatal.7 On the other hand, gasoline is universally recognized as a hazardous compound. It is extremely flammable and toxic. It contains a wide range of organic constituents, some of which probably exhibit skin permeability, toxicity, and carcinogenicity (e.g., benzene). Most would not argue these points, yet few of us use gloves when putting gasoline into our cars even though they are provided at most gasoline pumps. Even the gas station attendants in the few remaining nonself-service stations rarely use gloves. There are probably several reasons why gloves are not worn, including the matter of convenience. Nevertheless, a key aspect is that we consider the secondary contact (i.e., contact from the dispensing nozzle, not the actual fluid) and frequency of exposure to represent a trivial risk. This personal risk assessment is also greatly aided by the fact that gasoline is a familiar product with which almost everyone has had some experience. Nevertheless, we generally apply more stringent risk characterization at work.
Petrolatum: Conditioning Through Occlusion
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski
Figures 4,5, and 6 show the general scheme of a petroleum refinery process, with focus on the production of petrolatum. First, a crude oil is subjected to atmospheric distillation, which removes gases and lighter refined products (i.e., fuels, such as gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel) from the bulk of the crude oil product at atmospheric pressure. The remaining oil is sent to a vacuum distillation unit so that the heavier fractions (e.g., lubricating oil fractions) can be removed without the extreme temperatures which would be required to perform this operation in an atmospheric distillation tower. Once these lube oil fractions are removed, the remaining material, often called "vacuum resid," is then taken to a solvent deasphalting/deresining unit. In this process, a solvent is used to extract the heavy oil from resins and asphalts which would be detrimental components in the finished petroleum products.
Economics
Published in Eric Jungermann, Norman O.V. Sonntag, Glycerine, 2018
One of the largest producers of natural glycerol in the United States is in the advantageous position of having captive crude glycerol available from soap manufacture, from fatty acid hydrolysis, from methyl ester as ester glycerol as intermediate in a large fatty alcohol program, while at the same time offering to purchase crude glycerol on the market if quantities are at least 500,000 lbs/year 100% glycerol basis. This is necessary to the operation of a multi-refinery operation located strategically in the major U.S. markets.
Depression and work–family conflict mediating the effects of job stress on chronic pain: a structural equation modelling approach
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Maryam Shaygan, Maryam Yazdanpanah
The present findings have implications for managers in gas and oil platforms or petroleum refinery plants. Our results show that job stress has an important effect on the physical and mental health of workers as well as their family conflicts. Therefore, it is necessary for managers to apply effective strategies to reduce stressors in the workplace. They need to think about how they can reduce job stressors in the workplace. Emotional support for employees who live far away from their families for a long time, hearing their concerns, paying attention to their personal needs and demonstrating empathy seem to be important ways to reduce stress in workers in gas and oil platforms or petroleum refinery plants. Managers and supervisors should understand the value of demonstrating support for workers’ personal lives – and how to do it. They can learn to use this through training in family-supportive supervisor behaviours. Managers can also apply strategies such as appropriate incentive and punishment systems, providing relative independence for workers, and providing a platform for innovation and creativity to reduce stress among these workers. Creating a sense of worth in workers, providing appropriate amenities and minimizing time away from family may all contribute to stress reduction. Additionally, it can be helpful to create training programmes for workers on time management skills so that they learn how to have an easier balance between their work and family demands.
A Quantitative Review of Performance Feedback in Organizational Settings (1998-2018)
Published in Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 2020
Andressa A. Sleiman, Sigridur Sigurjonsdottir, Aud Elnes, Nicholas A. Gage, Nicole E. Gravina
We classified each setting as: (a) animal facility (i.e., animal shelter and animal training organization), (b), construction site, (c) distribution center, (d) gas station, (e) grocery store, (f) human service (i.e., group home, residential facility, physical therapy, behavior analysis therapy, day center, and hospital), (g) manufacturing plant, (h) office, (i) refinery, (j) retail, (k) restaurant, (l) school, and (m) university (i.e., admissions office, counseling center, grounds department, child care).
Optimization of an integrated system for refinery wastewater treatment
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2020
Ali Almasi, Leila Yavari, Mitra Mohammadi, Seyyed Alireza Mousavi
Refineries are water utilization centers that are often located in the vicinity of large cities and sometimes even in cities. The oil refinery wastewater is from the process of refining crude oil and production of fuel, lubrication oils, and middle-of-the-middle petrochemical products that consist of oils, greases, and many toxic petroleum compounds (Alavi et al. 2016).