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Heterocyclic Drugs from Plants
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Debasish Bandyopadhyay, Valeria Garcia, Felipe Gonzalez
Simalikalactone D (or SkD) (Figure 8.22) is a quassinoid that is isolated from the plants Quassia amara and Quassia africana (Simalikalactone, 2018). This compound is an antimalarial, cytotoxic, and antiviral. As an anti-malarial SkD attacks the life cycle of plasmodia if the host is human. Quassia amara is widely used for its antimalarial activity when it is even taken just as a tonic. This traditional antimalarial remedy showed excellent in vitro and in vivo activities (Bertani et al., 2006). Even the water extract of the freshly crushed leaves of the plant Quassia amara showed excellent antiplasmodial activity (Suh et al., 2004). The active principle of this extract, which is SkD, synergizes in vitro with atovaquone against Plasmodium falciparum. SkD (45 nM concentration) is noxious for mid-trophozoite P. falciparum, and the SkD and atovaquone combination acts upon the mitochondria of P. falciparum (Bertani et al., 2012). Another compound quassinoids malika lactone E (SkE), repressed the growth of P. falciparum culture in vitro by 50%, in the concentration range from 24 to 68 nM, independently of the strain sensitivity to chloroquine (Cachet et al., 2009). Both SkE and SkD showed promising efficacy against malignant malaria.
Advances in pharmacotherapy for rosacea: what is the current state of the art?
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Federica Dall’Oglio, Maria Rita Nasca, Carlo Gerbino, Giuseppe Micali
Several phytotherapeutic compunds claim soothing, anti-inflammatory anti-irritant, anti-pruritic, and anti-oxidant action in rosacea. They principally include parthenolide-free extract of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium, Chrysanthemum parthenium) with anti-inflammatory properties related to a reduced release of several pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. nitric oxide also UV induced, prostaglandin-E2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL- 2/4); glabridin extract from Glycyrrhiza glabra roots with potential photoprotective benefits and licochalcone A extract from Glycyrrhiza inflate with anti-inflammatory and anti-irritant action; Chamomile flavonoids and terpenoids with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antipruritic effects mediated by the inhibition of cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and histamine release; epigallocatechin gallate from green tea with anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties by decreased expression of some angiogenic factors (e.g. hypoxia-inducible factor-1a and VEGF); extract from Quassia amara with anti-inflammatory effects related to TNF-α, IL-1β, and nitric oxide inhibition; colloidal oatmeal, rich in flavonoids and avenanthramides (polyphenol) with hydrating properties [95].