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The Role of Plant-Based Natural Compounds in Inflammation
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Marcela Dvorakova, Premysl Landa, Lenka Langhansova
Three major naturally occurring stilbenes—resveratrol, piceatannol and pterostilbene (Figure 22.4)—were assessed for their 5-LOX inhibitory activity against the reference compound, Zileuton. Resveratrol is a compound found in more than 70 plant species and was first identified in Vitis vinifera L. (Figure 22.5A). On the contrary, piceatannol was found only in few plants such as Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L., Cassia garretiana Craib and Rheum undulatum L. A natural resveratrol analog pterostilbene is found in grapes and blueberries, and it was first identified as a dominant compound in Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (Maurya and Ray, 1984). Piceatannol, as well as pterostilbene, exerted good 5-LOX inhibitory activity in the cell-free enzymatic assay (IC50 = 1.1 and 3.9 µM, respectively), as well as in cell-based assay, in which their activity (IC50 = 0.24 and 0.53 µM, respectively) surpassed the activity of Zileuton (IC50 = 1.1 µM) (Boccellino et al., 2019). On the other hand, an IC50 value of resveratrol in the cell-free assay was above 10 µM, while in cell-based assay it reached an IC50 of 4.9 µM, which was comparable to the IC50 values reported earlier (Werz, 2007).
Biotransformation of Sesquiterpenoids, Ionones, Damascones, Adamantanes, and Aromatic Compounds by Green Algae, Fungi, and Mammals
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Yoshinori Asakawa, Yoshiaki Noma
(–)-α-Eudesmol (153) isolated from the liverwort Porella stephaniana was treated by A. cellulosae and A. niger to give 2-hydroxy (154) and 2-oxo derivatives (155), among which the latter product was predominantly obtained. This bioconversion was completely blocked by 1-aminobenzotriazole, CYP450 inhibitor. Compound 155 has been known as natural product, isolated from Pterocarpus santalinus (Noma et al., 1996). Biotransformation of α-eudesmol (153) isolated from the dried Atractylodes lancea was reinvestigated by A. niger to give 2-oxo-11,12-dihydro-α-eudesmol (156) together with 2-hydroxy- (154) and 2-oxo-α-eudesmol (155). β-Eudesmol (157) was treated in A. niger, with the same culture medium, to afford 2α- (158) and 2β-hydroxy-α-eudesmol (159) and 2α,11,12-trihydroxy-β-eudesmol (160) and 2-oxo derivative (161), which was further isomerized to compound 162 (Noma et al., 1996, 1997a) (Figure 23.50).
Ethnopharmacological Properties of Some Threatened Medicinal Plants
Published in Jayanta Kumar Patra, Gitishree Das, Sanjeet Kumar, Hrudayanath Thatoi, Ethnopharmacology and Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Sanjeet Kumar, Padma Mahanti, Gitishree Das, Jayanta Kumar Patra
The plant parts such as roots, leaves, stem, flowers, tubers, fruits, bark, gum or resinous extract are used against different diseases and disorders. When the seeds of Celastrus paniculatus were macerated, and oil was obtained. The oil is used to enhance the memory of abnormal children (Kulkarni et al., 2011). The juice of resin of Gardenia gummifera was used to kill the intestinal worm (Nayak et al., 2011). It was also observed that tuber paste of Gloriosa superba was applied externally to reduce the joint pain among the old age people of tribal communities of Kendujhar (Akhtar, Haqqi, 2012). The tuber juice of this plant is taken for abortion. The bark decoction of Oroxylum indicum is used to treat throat infections (Payne et al., 2013). It was noted that fruits juice of Piper longum is used to cure cough and asthma (Okwu, Nnamdi, 2011). The leaf juice of Pterocarpus marsupium was taken to control diabetes (Liu et al., 2005) and tuber paste of Pueraria tuberosa was used as an emollient paste (Aburjai, Natsheh, 2003). The root paste of Rauvolfia serpentine is used against snake bites (Gomes et al., 2010) and leaves and fruits paste of Scindapsus officinalis is applied to reduce inflammation (Nijveldt et al., 2001).
Synthesis and biological evaluation of stilbene derivatives coupled to NO donors as potential antidiabetic agents
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2018
Bing Wang, Teng Liu, Zhongyu Wu, Lei Zhang, Jie Sun, Xiaojing Wang
Stilbene compounds such as rosewood and resveratrol have been shown to be effective in the treatment of diabetes. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. commonly known as vengisa or bijasal, is well known for its medicinal properties in Ayurvedic and Unani systems in the treatment of diabetes. The water extract of the heartwood and root shows good curative properties for diabetes, and this may be due to the presence of pterostilbene3,4. Pari and Satheesh5 reported that oral administration of pterostilbene decreased glucose levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats through long-term trials conducted in 2006. Resveratrol also shows a good candidate as a neutraceutical support for the therapy of obesity and type II diabetes6.
Challenges in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: recent progress and treatment strategies of pharmaceuticals targeting notable pathological factors
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2019
Yung-Chih Kuo, Rajendiran Rajesh
Apart from glucose, impaired brain insulin signaling was also considered as an important metabolic factor for sporadic AD. Several drugs, including dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors, thiazolidinediones and metformin, enhanced insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling in the brain [266]. Oral administration of DPP4 inhibitor of saxagliptin attenuated Aβ deposition and tau phosphorylation, and enhanced hippocampal GLP-1 and memory retention in a rat model of AD [267]. Administration of Pterocarpus marsupium and Eugenia jambolana extracts exhibited similar activity in streptozotocin-induced AD rats [268]. Sitagliptin decreased DPP4 activity, improved glucose tolerance, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, led to a 1.2-fold increase of recognition memory, and did not disturb hypermoteric activity and anxiety levels [269]. Alogliptin benzoate, a selective inhibitor of DPP4 in clinical use for T2DM worldwide, reveals potential neuroprotection against focal ischemia in the brain [270]. Several companies such as GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol-Meyer-Squibb, and Probiodrug are actively carrying out clinical trials of DPP4 inhibitors for diabetes. Clinical studies on DPP4 inhibitors did not show any adverse response [271]. The neuroprotective effect of DPP4 inhibitors has been performed in cell culture and animal study, and may advance on clinical trials [272]. Moreover, the lack of sleep through plausible mechanism, involving non-rapid-eye-movement disruption, can be a potential threat to Aβ accumulation, which triggers the early cognitive decline. Thus, avoiding the lack of sleep can be one of probable approaches to prevention of AD pathogenesis [273].
Molecular Action of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Hyperglycemic Rats: Effect of Different Concentrations of Pterocarpus marsupiums Extract
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2018
Leelavinothan Pari, Muhammed Majeed, Ayyasamy Rathinam, Ramasamy Chandramohan
Pterocarpus marsupium (Roxb) (family Fabaceae), commonly known as Indian kino (heartwood), is a potential source of drugs for inflammation, skin diseases, diabetes, diarrhea, asthma, and bronchitis. It has been scientifically reported to have antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. The flavonoid constituents marsupin, pterosupin, and liquiritigenin were isolated from the heartwood of the plant. It is also a rich source of polyphenolic compounds (Chakravarthy & Gode, 1985).