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Drug-induced hyperpigmention
Published in Dimitris Rigopoulos, Alexander C. Katoulis, Hyperpigmentation, 2017
The level of evidence supporting a causal relationship between hyperpigmentation and medication use varies considerably. Most of the evidence comes from case studies on individual or repeated observations. Systematic studies are rarely found in the literature. The evidence on drug-induced hyperpigmentation is poor. Most reports on a relationship between the use of a drug and hyperpigmentation are based on individual patient cases, and do not prove a clear casual relationship. This also applies to drugs for which pathophysiological mechanisms would make causality seem plausible, for example, antibotics and psycholeptics. For the numerous reports on hyperpigmentation occurring after antineoplastic drug use, the literature offers no possible interpretations.7
Central Nervous System Effects of Essential Oil Compounds
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Elaine Elisabetsky, Domingos S. Nunes
An overview of the anxiolytic properties of the compounds discussed in this chapter is presented at Table 11.4. Phytol 4 showed anxiolytic-like effect on 3 mice models, in which its effects were reversed by flumazenil, without affecting motor coordination (Costa et al., 2014). Isopulegol 8 seems to be a psycholeptic, acting on mice models of anxiety, potentiating barbital sleep and increasing immobility in the tail suspension test (TST) (Silva et al., 2007), though data do not show consistent dose-response. Nerolidol 10 showed anxiolytic-like effect in two mice models without affecting motor coordination (Goel et al., 2016). Acute bisabolol 11 induces anxiolytic-like effects in mice, possibly related to GABAA receptors (Tabari and Tehrani, 2017). Thymol 12 showed anxiolytic-like effects, congruent to the author's hypothesis that natural small-molecule phenols are, in general, anxiolytics (Wang et al., 2017). Despite characterization as a GABAA activator (Ding et al., 2014), methyleugenol 15 did not show anxiolytic-like effects (Norte et al., 2005). Inhaled α-pinene 17 (8.6 mg/L, 90 min/day for 1, 3, and 5 days) showed anxiolytic-like effects in the EPM (Satou et al., 2014). β-pinene 18 diminished ambulation in the OF but had no effects on EPM or muscle tone (Guzmán-Gutiérrez et al., 2012). γ-Decanolactone 25 did not show anxiolytic effects (Viana et al., 2007). No replication or further investigation were found for the alleged anxiolytic-like properties of these compounds.
Encouraging rational antibiotic prescribing behaviour in primary care – prescribing practice among children aged 0–4 years 2016–2018: an observational study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 2021
Maria Run Gunnlaugsdottir, Kristjan Linnet, Jon Steinar Jonsson, Anna Bryndis Blondal
This study examined changes in antibiotic prescriptions for young children issued by GPs in primary healthcare centres during ordinary hours of work in the Reykjavik metropolitan area after initiating the quality project on prudent use of antibiotics in 2017. The changes observed should encourage primary care in the whole country to continue with projects on quality improvement in antibiotic prescribing. The first steps have been taken in this respect. Accordingly, the main practical contribution of the present research is that it demonstrates how quality programmes within primary care settings can be an efficient approach for changing the prescribing habits of GPs. In our setting, it was implemented by visiting all the healthcare centres, presenting the GPs with their prescription patterns and promoting the prescribing guidelines as a discussion platform for improvement. Future studies will have to show if similar methods can be used to encourage prudent prescriptions of other drug classes such as opioids and psycholeptics.
Comedications influence immune infiltration and pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer
Published in OncoImmunology, 2020
Anne-Sophie Hamy, Lisa Derosa, Constance Valdelièvre, Satoru Yonekura, Paule Opolon, Maël Priour, Julien Guerin, Jean-Yves Pierga, Bernard Asselain, Diane De Croze, Alice Pinheiro, Marick Lae, Laure-Sophie Talagrand, Enora Laas, Lauren Darrigues, Beatriz Grandal, Elisabetta Marangoni, Elodie Montaudon, Guido Kroemer, Laurence Zitvogel, Fabien Reyal
Overall, 1023 patients with different BC subtypes (luminal: 44.6% (n = 456); TNBC: 31.2% (n = 319), HER2-positive: 24.2% (n = 248)) were included in the analyses. Four hundred and eighty-two patients (47.1%) took at least one comedication (total number of comedications: n = 1178) and 421 (41.1%) had at least one comorbidity. The five main anatomical classes (level 1) were drugs for nervous system (Class N, n = 460, 39.1%), cardiovascular diseases (class C, n = 313, 26.6%), alimentary and metabolism (class A, n = 199, 16.9%), and hormonal preparations (class H, n = 76, 6.5%), whereas 130 comedications were grouped in the category “others” (11.0%) (Figure 1, Supplemental Table 1). At level 2, the most frequent therapeutic classes were psycholeptics (N05, n = 199), analgesics (N02, n = 118), and psychoanaleptics (N06, n = 114).
Transthyretin stabilization activity of the catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor tolcapone (SOM0226) in hereditary ATTR amyloidosis patients and asymptomatic carriers: proof-of-concept study#
Published in Amyloid, 2019
Josep Gamez, María Salvadó, Núria Reig, Pilar Suñé, Carles Casasnovas, Ricard Rojas-Garcia, Raúl Insa
Eighteen of the 20 participants initially planned to be enrolled in the study were finally recruited, and one was excluded due to a mutation type not matching TTR Val30Met (n = 1). Seventeen Caucasian subjects (wild-type, n = 6; mutation TTR Val30Met, n = 11) were therefore included in Phase A. These were 14 men and 3 women with a mean age of 48.0 years (range 19–79). Two subjects (one wild type and one TTR Val30Met variant) did not continue to Phase B due to loss to follow-up. Fifteen patients therefore completed Phase B (wild-type, n = 5; TTR Val30Met variant, n = 10). The salient characteristics at baseline are shown in Table 1. Differences according to TTR type were not found, except for a significantly younger mean age of participants with wild-type TTR compared to those with the TTR Val30Met mutation (38.7 ± 12.1 vs 55.8 ± 15.0, mean ± SD, p = .018). The mean BMI was 25.7 ± 4.4 kg/m2. Vital signs and laboratory data were normal, except for the lymphocyte count, which was significantly lower in the ATTR Val30Met mutation group than in the wild-type group (1.62 ± 0.49 vs 2.18 ± 0.45 × 109/L, p = .017). The most commonly used medications were antacids, anticonvulsants and diuretics (13%), followed by psycholeptics (11.1%), analgesics (9.3%), systemic antimicrobials (7.4%), lipid lowering agents (5.5%) and anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs (3.7%).