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Psychotropic Use during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
No teratologic studies in animals or epidemiological studies of malformations among the newborns of pregnant women treated with protriptyline or amoxapine are published. The manufacturer reported that no birth defects were increased in frequency among the offspring of rats, mice, and rabbits given up to 10 times the usual human dose of protriptyline during organogenesis. Amoxapine was not associated with birth defects in mice, rats, and rabbits given 3 to 10 times the usual human dose of amoxapine during embryogenesis, but embryotoxicity, stillbirths, and intrauterine deaths were increased in frequency.
Parasomnias
Published in Stanley R. Resor, Henn Kutt, The Medical Treatment of Epilepsy, 2020
Cataplexy mandates treatment when attacks occur at times that put the patient in danger. As the stimulants used to treat the excessive somnolence of narcolepsy are ineffective against the auxiliary symptoms, cataplexy must be addressed with independent therapy. Protriptyline, an activating tricyclic antidepressant, is the standard agent in the United States but other tricyclics including imipramine and desipramine are also effective. Clomipramine is widely used in Europe. Fluoxetine, which specifically inhibits serotonin reuptake, has shown promise in limited trials and appears to produce fewer adverse effects than the tricyclics. MAO inhibitors can be effective but potential toxicity interdicts their use in all but refractory cases. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate, currently under investigation in the United States and available in France and Canada, can be highly effective (16). Viloxazine hydrochloride has proven effective in early investigative trials in the United States (17).
Paper 2: Answers
Published in Sabina Burza, Beata Mougey, Srinivas Perecherla, Nakul Talwar, Practice Examination Papers for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
Sabina Burza, Beata Mougey, Srinivas Perecherla, Nakul Talwar
False. Sedating TCAs and related compounds include amitriptyline, clomipramine, dothiepin, doxepin, maprotiline, mianserin, trazodone and trimipramine. Those with less sedative properties include amoxapine, Imipramine, lofepra-mine, nortriptyline and viloxazine. Protriptyline has a stimulant action. (9)
Effect of Imipramine on radiosensitivity of Prostate Cancer: An In Vitro Study
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2019
Songul Barlaz Us, Fatma Sogut, Metin Yildirim, Derya Yetkin, Serap Yalin, Sakir Necat Yilmaz, Ulku Comelekoglu
In this study, to understand the cytotoxic effect of the IMI, RAD and combination of IMI and RAD, we measured cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle parameters, EAG1 channel currents and oxidative stress in all groups. In the 72th h, cell proliferation in the IMI group was reduced 7.7 fold with compared to RAD group and was reduced 1.32 fold compared to IMI plus RAD group. According to our results, the inhibitor effect of RAD and IMI plus RAD on cell proliferation was weaker than effect of IMI administed alone. Previous studies suggested that IMI has antiproliferative effects for some cancer cell lines. Biber et al. investigated seven tricyclic (IMI, clomipramine, amitriptyline, opipramol, desipramine, protriptyline, nortriptyline) and two tetracyclic (maprotiline, mianserin) antidepressants for their effects on the viability of the U266 multiple myeloma cell line. They found that, except mianserin, all tested tricyclic antidepressant and maprotiline showed significant inhibitory effects on cell growth (24). Jahchan et al. treated the small cell lung cancer lines with IMI, clomipramine, promethazine and bepridil, significantly inhibited the growth of mouse and human small cell lung cancer but this effect was not seen using tranylcypromine and pargyline (35). Our findings regarding the antiproliferative effect of IMI are consistent with previous studies.
The pharmacotherapeutic management of obstructive sleep apnea
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Stefano Marra, Dario Arnaldi, Lino Nobili
Protriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, has been shown to produce a reduction of nocturnal hypoxemia and a reduction of REM sleep [41]. Indeed, REM sleep is often related with more severe apneic events and the reduction of REM sleep may overall improve OSA. However, protriptyline effects were not maintained at long-term follow-up, limiting its usefulness [42].
Balamuthia mandrillaris: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2020
Mohammad Ridwane Mungroo, Naveed Ahmed Khan, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
Protriptyline hydrochloride is an antidepressant commonly used in the treatment of depression, narcolepsy, and migraine. The drug exhibits amoebicidal activity as well as cysticidal activity against B. mandrillaris at 250 μM [66]. However, the drug also produced cytotoxicity against human cells at a minimum concentration of 31.3 μM [66].