China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The types of conditions
Published in Jane Hanley, Mark Williams, Fathers and Perinatal Mental Health, 2019
The treatment is antipsychotic medication or valproate for a manic state, with lithium or carbamazepine as the drugs of choice. Clonazepam or lorazepam are recommended for insomnia. Tricyclic antidepressants are often prescribed for depressive symptoms. Sometimes, in severe cases, where the symptoms fail to react to medication and there is a high element of suicidal ideation, electroconvulsive therapy is an option. The effect is often rapid and allows functions to return more quickly.
Recent Advances in Repositioning Non-Antibiotics against Tuberculosis and other Neglected Tropical Diseases
Published in Venkatesan Jayaprakash, Daniele Castagnolo, Yusuf Özkay, Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected and Tropical Diseases, 2019
Tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: Antidepressant drugs are the mainstay for major depressive disorder and elicit their effects through blocking the reuptake of serotonin as well as norepinephrine. The majority of these antidepressants bear structural resemblance to phenothiazines (Krystal 2011). Godbole et al. docked libraries of FDA approved drugs into the homology model for Mtb topoisomerase I, an enzyme responsible for maintaining genome topology during DNA replication and transcription. From this in silico screening, compounds with a favourable docking score including imipramine 45 and norclomipramine 46 were selected for further evaluation against Mtb (Figure 3). Both drugs displayed some antimycobacterial activity against Mtb (MIC 250 μM and 60 μM, respectively) and also inhibitory effects against the topoisomerase enzyme. Moreover, imipramine acted synergistically with moxifloxacin, a well-known type II topoisomerase inhibitor (Godbole et al. 2015). The antitubercular effects of selective reuptake inhibitors, fluoxetine 47 (MIC 69.4 μM) and sertraline 48 (MIC 59.0 μM), have also been demonstrated (Figure 3). Both antidepressants displayed a dose-dependent growth restriction of Mtb after 72 hr treatment in resting primary murine macrophages. The study also showed that accumulation of protonatable forms of the drugs in macrophages is partially pH-dependent (Schump et al. 2017).
Other Relevant Psychiatric Problems
Published in Diana Riley, Perinatal Mental Health, 2018
Where secondary depressive symptoms are present, monoamine oxidase inhibitors such as phenelzine or tranylcypromine are helpful, although contra-indicated in breast-feeding mothers. Tricyclic antidepressants are not usually effective, and the side-effects may add to the anxiety about physical problems.
Epigenetic modulation: Research progress on histone acetylation levels in major depressive disorders
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Yuan Meng, Juan Du, Ning Liu, Yuanyuan Qiang, Lifei Xiao, Xiaobing Lan, Lin Ma, Jiamei Yang, Jianqiang Yu, Guangyuan Lu
Current depression treatments mainly involve psychological, physical, and drug therapies [5], among which drug therapy is the first choice for major depressive disorder. Monoamine deficiency is an important factor in the pathogenesis of depression [6], and the currently available therapeutic antidepressant drugs are mainly designed to target the serotonergic and/or noradrenergic systems in the brain [7], with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors being the most widely used. Blocking norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake in the brain boosts the concentration of transmitters at the receptor site and decreases the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin by the presynaptic membrane of nerve terminals. Tricyclic antidepressants are one of the first-choice treatments for depression; however, they have important shortcomings, such as a low effective rate, considerable side effects, slow action onset, and easy recurrence after drug withdrawal. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new therapeutic targets based on an understanding of their pathophysiological mechanisms.
Letter to Editor
Published in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 2023
Nimish J. Thakore, Erik P. Pioro
Antidepressant use was much more prevalent in our cohort than in the UK one. 376 of our 964 patients used a non-tricyclic antidepressant (145/313 at least moderately depressed patients, and 222/651 non-depressed patients). If we included non-tricyclic antidepressant use as an additional criterion for depression, our prevalence increased to 535/965 or 55%, compared to 23.1% reported by the UK study. If we used a higher PHQ-9 threshold (15 points), caseness by PHQ-9 alone decreased to 13.8%, but overall prevalence remained high at 45.3%. It remains unclear if differences in depression prevalence and antidepressant use represent differences in methodology/instrument, true differences in depression prevalence between the cohorts, social-cultural differences, or practice differences by geographical location. Our study did not have information on the timing of comorbid depression, nor on the timing of initiation of treatment relative to the diagnosis of ALS.
Depression during pregnancy amidst COVID-19
Published in Hospital Practice, 2021
Balaji Subramanian Srinivasa Sekaran, Steven Lippmann
The most commonly recommended SSRI medications during pregnancy are sertraline, citalopram, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, escitalopram, and fluoxetine; less data is documented for others in this class [7]. Concerns about the cardiac development-safety of prescribing paroxetine are not fully understood, but it is sometimes considered as a possible pharmacotherapeutic option [7]. Prescribing duloxetine and venlafaxine NSRIs is reported to be safe [8]. Yet, there remain issues, changes in indications or efficacy, safety ratings, and restrictions involving SSRI and NSRI prescribing; drugs within each class have different actions. QT prolongation remains a concern with citalopram and escitalopram, questions about the effectiveness of duloxetine, and there are numerous reviews about these medicines [7,9–11]; these have sometimes resulted in changing patterns of prescribing, for example, with more reliance on sertraline and venlafaxine and less for paroxetine. Tricyclic antidepressant medicines have a long-known efficacy. Monotherapy with any of these agents is preferred. Higher dosages are sometimes needed later in pregnancy. Sustained, consistent management and follow-up is important throughout.