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Gastritis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Proton pump inhibitors reduce acid by blocking the action of the parts of cells that produce acid. These drugs include the prescription and over-the-counter medications omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), and esomeprazole (Nexium).1
Drugs and Therapeutics
Published in James Sherifi, General Practice Under the NHS, 2023
NSAIDs remain a significant contributor to hospital admissions for upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Most are now prescribed with concurrent proton pump inhibitors. Paracetamol—1953Analgesic Paracetamol, acetaminophen, was discovered by Bayer in the 19th century and eventually marketed in 1953 under the brand name Panadol by Sterling Winthrop. Originally licensed in the UK as a prescription-only product, it moved to over-the-counter in the 1970s.
Medications
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
It is estimated that 25–70% of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) prescriptions have no valid indication and long-term use has been associated with an increased risk of hip fracture (RR 1.26; 95% CI 1.17–1.35).86 PPIs could increase the risk of osteoporosis. There have also been reports of associations between PPI use and Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhoea, pneumonia, vitamin B12 deficiency, kidney disease/injury and dementia, especially among older people.87 These could just be association, rather than causation. Discontinuation should be considered after courses of up to eight weeks if symptom resolution has occurred. The dose should be weaned down. Continuation is favoured if there is a persisting strong indication, e.g. history of bleeding peptic ulcer disease or use of gastric-irritating medications (e.g. aspirin). As gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms tend to reduce with weight loss, people developing frailty may have a natural tendency for symptom resolution.
Diagnostic performance of endoscopy for subsquamous extension of superficial adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2023
Kazunori Takada, Yohei Yabuuchi, Tatsunori Minamide, Yoichi Yamamoto, Masao Yoshida, Yuki Maeda, Noboru Kawata, Kohei Takizawa, Yoshihiro Kishida, Sayo Ito, Kenichiro Imai, Kinichi Hotta, Hirotoshi Ishiwatari, Hiroyuki Matsubayashi, Hiroyuki Ono
All white-light endoscopic images, chromoendoscopy images following dyeing with indigo carmine, and narrow-band images with and without magnifying endoscopy were reviewed. Gastric atrophy (no atrophy, closed type or open type), longitudinal location (tumor center above, on or below the EGJ), circumferential location (anterior wall, right wall, posterior wall, left wall or circumferential), tumor size, macroscopic type (flat type, 0-IIa and 0-IIb; depressed type, 0-IIc and 0-IIa + IIc; and protruded type, 0-I and 0-I + IIa), and the presence of Barrett’s esophagus were evaluated. Gastric atrophy was diagnosed as the presence of a pale color, increased visibility of the mucosal vessels and a loss of the gastric folds [23] and subclassified according to the Kimura-Takemoto classification system [24]. The Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection status was evaluated using H. pylori IgG antibody testing (cut-off value: 10 U/mL). Data on medication with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) were collected. Barrett’s esophagus was defined as an endoscopically-confirmed columnar epithelial metaplasia continuously extending from the stomach to the esophagus [25].
Gastroprotective activity of (E)-ethyl-12-cyclohexyl-4,5-dihydroxydodec-2-enoate, a compound isolated from Heliotropium indicum: role of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and sulfhydryls in its mechanism of action
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Yaraset López-Lorenzo, María Elena Sánchez-Mendoza, Daniel Arrieta-Baez, Adriana Guadalupe Perez-Ruiz, Jesús Arrieta
Although the therapeutic strategy for peptic ulcers currently focuses on relieving pain, healing the injury, and reducing the rate of recurrence (Sharifi-Rad et al. 2018), the available drugs mainly diminish gastric acidity and strengthen the gastric mucosal barrier (Khan et al. 2018). The medications complying with these functions are either mucosal protective agents or antisecretory drugs. Proton pump inhibitors (ATPase-H+/K+) are antisecretory drugs and the most effective type of medication available for treating gastroesophageal reflux and peptic ulcers (Peng et al. 2018). According to recent studies, however, prolonged use of these inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole) provokes irreversible adverse effects, especially a decreased absorption of vitamin B12 that may lead to dementia, neurological damage, anaemia, hypergastrinemia (Abreu Miranda et al. 2015), acute myocardial infarction (Shah et al. 2015), and/or gastric or pancreatic cancer (Peng et al. 2018).
Gastric lesions in patients with autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis: a retrospective study in a single center
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Haiyi Hu, Rongxue Li, Linlin Shao, Qian Zhang, Rui Xu, Shutian Zhang
A total of 135 patients diagnosed with AMAG were included in our study, comprised 105 women and 30 men, with a female to male ratio of 3.5:1. The mean age of all patients at diagnosis was 61.9 ± 10.9 years old (range 30–82), the median body mass index (BMI) was 23.3 kg/m2 (range 19.0–35.4). Absence of H. pylori was found in 94.8% (128/135). The initial indications for performing EGD were: bloating or abdominal pain (67/135), anemia (32/135), screening for early gastric cancer (29/135), hypergastrinemia (2/135), neurological symptoms (2/135), weight loss (2/135) and low level PGI(1/135). Of these patients, 45 patients had a history of anemia, 25 had Hashimoto’s disease, 4 had subacute spinal cord degeneration (SCD) and 10 had diabetes mellitus type 2. Only five patients used to take proton pump inhibitor.