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Cardiovascular Drugs during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Protamine sulfate is used to reverse heparin’s anticoagulant effects prior to surgery (e.g., C-section). No studies regarding use of protamine in pregnancy are published. One infant with neonatal depression following maternal protamine sulfate injection was reported (Wittmaack et al., 1994).
Anticoagulation in Pregnancy
Published in Afshan B. Hameed, Diana S. Wolfe, Cardio-Obstetrics, 2020
Rachel A. Newman, Ather Mehboob, Judith H. Chung
UFH is preferred in the peripartum period as it is less likely to limit a patient's ability to have neuraxial anesthesia. Variation in expert opinion exists regarding time interval between low-dose UFH and spinal and/or epidural administration; a discussion regarding timing should be held between the anesthesia and obstetric teams and the patient [48]. The effects of UFH can be reversed with protamine sulfate. As UFH is primarily cleared by the reticuloendothelial system, it is a preferred agent in renal failure patients with creatinine clearance <30 mL/min.
Acquired Bleeding Disorders Associated with the Character of the Surgery
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
William A. Rock, Robert F. Baugh
Incomplete heparin neutralization. Mechanism: Inadequate heparin monitoring due to method or calculations results in insufficient protamine sulfate administered. Management: Add protamine sulfate.
Current status of the development of intravesical drug delivery systems for the treatment of bladder cancer
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Ho Yub Yoon, Hee Mang Yang, Chang Hyun Kim, Yoon Tae Goo, Myung Joo Kang, Sangkil Lee, Young Wook Choi
The chemical approach includes the use of agents such as DMSO and protamine sulfate. DMSO has been used for enhancing the transport of various chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin and doxorubicin into the bladder tumors. Protamine sulfate induces a drastic disruption of the bladder permeability barrier. As such, they can be used for chemical interaction with the components of the urothelium barrier to enhance the bladder wall penetration of drugs [114]. However, these chemicals could irreversibly disrupt the barrier function of the urothelium and, thus, might cause undesired side effects. On the other hand, the use of molecules that mimic the glycosaminoglycan layer is another option. Hyaluronic acid is a kind of glycosaminoglycans that present in the extracellular matrix of the epithelium and therefore, drugs administered along with hyaluronidase could enhance the permeability of the drug into the bladder mucosa [23].
The efficacy of anti-VEGF antibody-modified liposomes loaded with paeonol in the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Jun Shi, Yanting Wu, Siyi Guo, Huidi Zhang, Guitian Chen, Xiaoqi Xu
In the pretest and BBD experiment, the EE of PAE was used as the most important indicator to optimize the formulation. The commonly used methods for determining the EE include gel column chromatography, dialysis, protamine aggregation, and ultracentrifugation [53]. Protamine sulfate is a polycationic macromolecule composed of amino acids. It can be used to increase the density of liposomes by getting adsorbed on their surface through electrostatic interactions; hence, they can be separated rapidly, efficiently and easily from free drugs using a minimal centrifugal force. Since the separation is based on electrostatic attractions and independent of the encapsulated drug, this technique is pertinent for EE determination of nearly all drugs [54]. In this study, a large experimental validation showed that the protamine aggregation method could separate free PAE and liposomes effectively, and could determine EE accurately compared to other methods.
Protamine sulphate coated poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles of MUC-1 peptide improved cellular uptake and cytokine release in mouse antigen presenting cells
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2020
Kiran Jyoti, Om Prakash Katare, Anjoo Kamboj, Jitender Madan
Therefore, protamine sulphate (PS) considered as a promising candidate because it is a strongly charged cationic protein administered through intravenous (i.v) route at the dose of 1–1.5 mg (Sharma et al.2016). Most importantly, preceding research studies clearly stated that the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (P-NPs), coated with cationic protein demonstrate the greater extent of CU in comparison to anionic-NPs (Dhami et al.2014, Kamruzzaman Selim et al.2007, Win and Feng 2005). Furthermore, addition of cryoprotectant during freeze drying prevents the aggregation phenomena (Kaur et al.2016).