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Endocrine Disorders, Contraception, and Hormone Therapy during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Propranolol is a beta-adrenergic blocker medication that has been used in pregnancy for a variety of indications. The two most common disorders of pregnancy for which propranolol has been used are hypertension and hyperthyroidism. An extensive review of the use of propranolol in pregnancy is found in in Chapter 3.
Propranolol
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Propranolol is a synthetic non-cardioselective β-adrenergic receptor blocker with antianginal, antiarrhythmic, and antihypertensive properties. It competitively antagonizes β-adrenergic receptors, thereby inhibiting β-adrenergic reactions, such as vasodilation, and negative chronotropic and inotropic effects. Propranolol is used in the treatment or prevention of many disorders including acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, angina pectoris, hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, hyperthyroidism, migraine, pheochromocytoma, menopause, and anxiety. Since 2008, oral — and later topical - propranolol has been shown to be effective in the treatment of infantile hemangio-mas. In pharmaceutical products, propranolol is employed as propranolol hydrochloride (CAS number 318-98-9, EC number 206-268-7, molecular formula C16H22CINO2) (1).
Biocatalysts: The Different Classes and Applications for Synthesis of APIs
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
More than 10 years earlier, Baeckvall and his group (Pàmies and Baeckvall, 2001) developed an efficient kinetic resolution of racemic β-hydroxy nitriles via Candida antarctica lipase (Novozyme-435)-catalyzed transesterification in toluene at 80°C with 4-chlorophenyl acetate as acylating agent. A variety of racemic alkyl, aryl, and aryloxymethyl substituted β-hydroxy nitriles was efficiently transformed to the corresponding enantiomerically pure acetates. The combination with a Ru-complex-catalyzed alcohol racemization led to a DKR enabling the synthesis of enantiomerically pure acetates with ee’s up to 99%, and yields up to 85%. Examples are the synthesis of Denopamine and Propanolol precursors (see the below scheme). Denopamine is an orally administered drug acting as a β1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) agonist and used to treat angina as well as congestive heart failure and for clearing pulmonary edema. Propranolol, already detected 1964, belongs to the drug class of non-selective beta blockers. It is used to treat among others high blood pressure, cardiovascular hypertension, angina pectoris, tachyarrhythmia, myocardial infarction, or tachycardia and is administered intravenously or orally. The drug is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines (WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)”; World Health Organization. April 2015).
Comparing the effect of oral ivabradine versus oral propranolol premedication during controlled hypotensive anesthesia in functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2022
Mostafa Abdallah Lotfy Mohamed, Raafat Abdelazim Hammad, Heba Abdelazim Labib, Hany Attia Abdelgalial, Ahmed Moustafa Mohamed
In addition, our findings on reducing reflex tachycardia with ivabradine in group I were similar to those of Raghuram et al. [12]. They compared the efficacy of oral ivabradine 5 mg given 1 hour before intubation versus a placebo to attenuate hemodynamic responses after intubation. They concluded that ivabradine is an excellent drug for preventing both the aberrant increase in heart rate and, to a lesser extent, blood pressure that occurs during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. They advocated for its routine use during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in all patients at risk for hypertension and tachycardia. Contrary to this study, we used propranolol in group P instead of a placebo for patient safety regarding the reduction of bleeding. Indeed, propranolol is a well-known, long-used, and safe drug to compare with.
Safety assessment of propranolol for infantile hemangioma: a study in an Asian population
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2022
Lu Yu, Li Wei, Zigang Xu, Bin Zhang, Xiaofeng Han, Yujuan Sun, Yuanxiang Liu, Chen Wang, Lei Qiu, Bingyu Xiu, Rui He, Li Li, Lin Ma
Recently, oral propranolol has emerged as an alternative in the treatment of IH [2,9]. Propranolol is a nonselective beta-blocker and is used for treating cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension, congestive heart failure, tetralogy of Fallot, thyrotoxicosis and migraine headache in children [10]. Doses as high as 17 mg/(kg·day) are used in these settings [11]. The target dose is 1 to 3 mg/(kg·day), and the median reported target dose is 2 mg/(kg·day). Compared with Europeans, Chinese people have lower levels of blocker-binding receptor protein in serum, so they are less tolerant to receptor blockers [12,13]. The recommended dose for Chinese people is 1.5–2 mg/(kg·day). Treatment with propranolol may cause severe systemic complications, and infants need to be closely monitored. During propranolol therapy of our patients, BP, HR, glucose, liver enzymes, cardiac enzymes, creatinine, urea, ECG and ECHO were monitored. The most common reported side effects of propranolol include hypotension, bradycardia, hypoglycemia and bronchospasm [5,14,15].
Itraconazole versus propranolol: therapeutic and pharmacologic effect on serum angiopoietin-2 in patients with infantile hemangioma
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Hagar Bessar, Abdalla Hassan Kandil, Noha Mohammed Nasr, Fathia Khattab
In our study, the treatment period of (itraconazole) is ranged from 2 to 3 weeks this finding was following Ran et al. (8). The treatment period of his study ranged 2–9 weeks, also our choice is supported by De Doncker et al. (16) who reported that treatment with itraconazole more than 30 days may affect liver functions, so treatment period in our study is 2–3 weeks for the safety of infants. The treatment period of propranolol in our study was 24 weeks (6 months). This is supported by Marqueling et al. (17) whose study had a mean of treatment period of 6.4 months, also with agreement of Mashiah et al. (7) with treatment period ranged from 4 to 9 months, but in contrast to Castaneda et al. (18) who said that average treatment period was 10.5 month with longer duration than our study. We are supported by Sirachainan et al. (19) who said that treatment with propranolol was stopped after good results or when the lesions remained stable for three consecutive months.