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Biochemical Methods of Studying Hepatotoxicity
Published in Robert G. Meeks, Steadman D. Harrison, Richard J. Bull, Hepatotoxicology, 2020
Prasada Rao S. Kodavanti, Harihara M. Mehendale
Hematoxylin stain: Dissolve 50 g of ammonium or potassium alum in 1 liter of distilled water. Dissolve 1 g hematoxylin crystals in this solution. Then, add 0.2 g sodium iodate, 1 g citric acid, and 50 g chloral hydrate. Stir well until all components are in solution. The final color of the stain is reddish-violet and this solution can be kept for months.
Concluding Chapter: A Brief Survey of the Evolution of Therapeutics
Published in Charles Greene Cumston, An Introduction to the History of Medicine, 2018
During this time pharmacy prospered at Rome and materia medica was enriched by new acquisitions. Its very varied pharmacopoeia included aconite, poppy, henbane, hemlock, hellebore, and many other plants. From the mineral kingdom it took arsenic, antimony, iron, sulphate and acetate of copper, the carbonates of sodium and potassium, nitrate of potassium, alum, calcium, gold and silver. The animal kingdom furnished cantharides, salamanders, and vipers, as well as the mineral waters classified as sulphurous, aluminous, saline and bituminous. It is, however, only right to say that aconite, arsenic, the solanaceae and vipers were first employed as poisons before becoming remedies, and that physicians received them directly from the hands of the magicians and sorcerers.
Irritants and rubefacients*
Published in Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach, Dreisbach’s HANDBOOK of POISONING, 2001
Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach
Salts of metals are used as astringents, deodorants, and antiseptics. The most used salts are copper sulfate (CuSO4), zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), aluminum acetate ([CH3COO]3Al), aluminum subacetate ([CH3COO]2AlOH), stannous chloride (SnCl2), nickel ammonium sulfate (NiSO4[NH4]2SO4), potassium alum (KAl[SO4]2), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), and ammonium alum (NH4Al[SO4]2). Soluble salts with similar toxicities are formed by the action of acids on galvanized or copper-lined utensils. These salts are all water-soluble. Their precipitating effect on proteins forms the basis of their astringent and antiseptic effects. Zinc oxide, which is insoluble, has no acute toxicity. The exposure limit for these salts is 2 mg/m3. Zinc acetate (Galzin) is used to reduce the absorption of copper in the treatment of Wilson’s disease.
Clearance, biodistribution, and neuromodulatory effects of aluminum-based adjuvants. Systematic review and meta-analysis: what do we learn from animal studies?
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2022
J.-D. Masson, L. Angrand, G. Badran, R. de Miguel, G. Crépeaux
Based on this research 3868 references were obtained from PubMed on the date of 21 January 2022; 758 references from Web of Science (31 January 2022) and 4708 references from Scopus (7 February 2022) (Figure 1). Both “aluminum” and “aluminium” spelling were tested, the latter does not alter the list of relevant references to consider in our review. Duplicates were removed and three references were added from bibliography sourcing. Finally, the eligibility criteria “abstract available in English, French or Spanish” was applied to the collected publications. Papers that successfully passed this first step were then submitted to the following inclusion criteria:Al source of exposure: ABAs (Al oxyhydroxide, Al hydroxyphosphate, AHS, Potassium Alum) or a relevant tool for Al tracking alone or Al-containing vaccines;Models: juvenile or adult mammals;Ways of exposure: intramuscular or subcutaneous injections;Study: Assessment of ABAs biodistribution (clearance or retention, systemic translocation) and/or assessment of ABAs neuromodulation (assessment of developmental or behavioral or motor functions; assessment of measured CNS parameters).
Evaluation of different haematoxylin stain subtypes for the optimal microscopic interpretation of cutaneous malignancy in Mohs frozen section histological procedure
Published in British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2021
JA Gabriel, M Shams, GE Orchard
Potassium alum is utilised as the primary mordant for Carrzai’s, Ehrlich’s and Harris’ haematoxylin which all performed well, however, Cole’s haematoxylin which utilises the same mordant ranked the lowest in this study. This raises the question of whether other ingredients present in the haematoxylin could have an impact on the staining quality rather than solely the mordant used. Another limitation that was observed with Cole’s haematoxylin, in particular, was the presence of staining deposits due to oxidative precipitation. Before initiation of the staining procedure, all haematoxylins were filtered to prevent the transfer of precipitates. However, in Cole’s, the issue of staining deposits was still encountered mostly due to further oxidisation when exposed to air. This further reinforces the conclusion that Cole’s haematoxylin is not suitable for use as part of the MMS procedure.