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Adenine Dinucleotide
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
Richard F. Mestayer, Hyla Cass
Intravenous NAD+ treatment for addiction also appears to be effective in reducing or eliminating post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS), which, along with cravings, is a common reason for relapse. While PAWS can complicate opiate withdrawal for a year or more under conventional addiction treatment protocols, NAD+ detox treatment appears to eliminate PAWS initially and, if patients feel a return, they can be effectively re-treated for a day or two, after which PAWS again subside (Figure 14.2).
DSM 5 SUD Criterion 11 Withdrawal
Published in Joan Ifland, Marianne T. Marcus, Harry G. Preuss, Processed Food Addiction: Foundations, Assessment, and Recovery, 2017
Joan Ifland, H. Theresa Wright
The first two years of my abstinence were very hard. I was going through heavy withdrawal. I didn’t know that post-acute withdrawal syndrome can last for two years. During my first year I became disabled and lost my income. Although I was highly suicidal, I kept on going. (Food Addicts Anonymous, 2010, p. 185)
Special Issues in Patients with Comorbid Psychiatric and Chemical Dependency Disorders
Published in John Brick, Handbook of the Medical Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, 2012
Mark C. Wallen, William J. Lorman
The chronic use of alcohol and/or drugs can have complex negative effects on brain cell membranes, receptor sites, and on intracellular metabolism and processes. As a result of this, upon cessation of substance usage, many patients will experience a wide array of psychiatric and physical symptoms that may persist for weeks to months (or longer) beyond the acute withdrawal phase (Trevisan et al., 1998). These symptoms have been identified as the so-called post–acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS). Other terms that have been utilized to identify these symptoms include the protracted or prolonged withdrawal/abstinence syndrome and the post–withdrawal abstinence syndrome. Frequent symptoms of PAWS include anxiety, depressive symptoms, tremors, sleep disruption, and increased autonomic symptoms including breathing rate, body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse (Alling et al., 1982; Schuckit et al., 1991). Mood instability, substance craving, decreased energy, lassitude, decreased overall metabolism may also be seen (Satel et al., 1993). Attention, concentration, and memory problems also frequently occur. Clinically, these symptoms are important because patients frequently cite them as relapse triggers.
Breaking the cycle of opioid use disorder with Ibogaine
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2018
In this issue of The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, two articles further support the use of ibogaine to block the signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal (8,9). The observational study of Brown and Alper in Mexico (8) report outcome measures following opioid detoxification with ibogaine in 30 patient volunteers. Composite Addiction Severity Index Scores (ASIC) were used to track long-term benefit at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months posttreatment follow-up interviews. Noller et al. in New Zealand studied 14 patients (9) and showed that a single ibogaine treatment could reduce opioid withdrawal symptoms and achieve either cessation from opioids or sustained abstinence for up to 12 months following a single treatment. These studies demonstrate that ibogaine may have significant pharmacological effects that include blockade of the acute signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal (SOWS) and the post-acute withdrawal syndrome (cravings and depression). Ibogaine treatment also brought about a rapid reduction in Beck Depression Index scores (BDI-II) in the New Zealand study (9), in agreement with earlier results that showed improvement in mood, energy, and anxiety following single-dose administrations of ibogaine (10,11).
Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of patients with a dual diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and substance use disorders: the results of a randomized comparative study
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2021
V. Yu. Skryabin, M. A. Vinnikova, E. V. Ezhkova, M. S. Titkov, R. A. Bulatova
During the study, quantification of the medications used in the minimal standard therapy of substance withdrawal syndrome (Table 2) and the post-acute withdrawal syndrome (Table 3) was conducted. During the statistical analysis, the volumes of medications received in the groups were compared. No statistically significant differences were obtained.