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Antimicrobial Preservative Efficacy and Microbial Content Testing*
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
Scott V.W. Sutton, Philip A. Geis
Freshly grown stocks of a particular culture are prepared by inoculating a solid agar medium. Incubate bacterial cultures at 30–35°C for 18–24 hours. Incubate yeasts at 20–25°C for 44–52 hours, and molds at 20–25°C for 6–10 days. Then harvest the bacteria and yeast using sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) and dilute the suspended cells to 1 × 108 CFU/mL. The mold is harvested with sterile saline containing 0.05% Polysorbate 80, adjusting the spore count to 1 × 108 CFU/mL. The number of colony forming units per milliliter determines the amount of inoculum to use in the test. The viability of the suspension should be monitored, especially if not used promptly.
Indications for and preparing and administering subcutaneous allergen vaccines
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
A number of other approaches to preserve extract potency have been suggested but have not found wide acceptance. Siliconization of vials has been suggested to decrease adsorption of proteins to their surface. Testing this method revealed it to be without effect [74]. Polysorbate 80 in concentrations of 0.002%–0.2% had a slight effect in preserving potency, but it was less effective than human serum albumin [74].
Nanoparticles in Cancer Treatment: Types and Preparation Methods
Published in Hala Gali-Muhtasib, Racha Chouaib, Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment, 2020
Jyoti Ahlawat, Emmanuel Zubia, Mahesh Narayan
In this method, (Fig. 2.5) the lipophilic material is dissolved in an organic solvent such as cyclohexane, and ethyl acetate. The mixture is then emulsified in an aqueous phase containing surfactant like polysorbate-80 or poloxamer-188 to form oil in water emulsion. After stable emulsion is formed, the organic solvent is removed from the emulsion by evaporating either by continuous stirring or under reduced pressure (40–60 mbar). Although the process is energy extensive and the synthesized nanoparticles have polydisperse distribution, the process is continuous and commercially demonstrated [19–21].
A quality by design approach for the synthesis of palmitoyl-L-carnitine-loaded nanoemulsions as drug delivery systems
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
E. M. Arroyo-Urea, María Muñoz-Hernando, Marta Leo-Barriga, Fernando Herranz, Ana González-Paredes
Polysorbate 80 (T80) (MW 428.6) and polysorbate 20 (T20) (MW 604.813) were kindly donated by Croda Iberica (Barcelona, Spain). pC (MW 399.61) (≥97% HPLC), (±)-α-Tocopherol (TOC) (MW 430.71) (≥96% HPLC), Octadecylamine (ODA) (MW 269.51), Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and D-mannitol, as well P10 desalting columns (bed size 14.5 mm × 50 mm) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). DiD’ oil (1,1′-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-Tetramethylindodicarbocyanine Perchlorate) (MW 959.9) was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Madrid, Spain). Acetic acid (Scharlab, Barcelona, Spain), potassium hydroxide (Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid, Spain), potassium phosphate monobasic (Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid, Spain), and sodium phosphate dibasic (Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid, Spain) were used to prepare buffers of different pH. Vivaflow® 50 Cassettes (Regenerated Cellulose, 100 KDa) and 0.2 µm filters (Regenerated Cellulose) were purchased from Sartorius Stedim Biotech (Göttingen, Germany). Acetonitrile HPLC Supragradient was purchased from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). Other chemicals were of analytical reagent grade and used without further purification.
Intraocular delivery considerations of ocular biologic products and key preclinical determinations
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Patrick Hughes, Hongwen M. Rivers, Vladimir Bantseev, Chun-Wan Yen, Hanns-Christian Mahler, Swati Gupta
Aguirre et al. (2018) [151] assessed tolerability and safety of 21 formulations, commonly used in the parenteral formulations containing single or multiple excipients, in Dutch Belted rabbits following intravitreal injection. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (Medisorb®) induced inflammation and retinal toxicity when administered alone or with other excipients. Solutol® HS 15, a nonionic solubilizer and emulsifying agent, resulted in similar effects. By contrast, polysorbate 80 was generally tolerable in the rabbit eye [151]. Younis et al. (2008) [152] characterized the safety and tolerability profiles of inactive excipients following sub-Tenon administration in Dutch Belted rabbits. All excipients assessed in this study were commonly used in the parenteral formulations; however, 2% w/v poloxamer 182 and carboxymethylcellulose (0.5 w/v, 700 kDa) both demonstrated microscopic findings and edema in episcleral tissues [152].
Alkoxy cyanoacrylate-based nanoparticles with stealth and brain-targeting properties
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Jimin Liu, Yunfeng Li, Shan Liu, Yi Zhang, Yuan Luo, Yang Yang, Xiaomei Zhuang, Xuanzhi Wang, Baoquan Zhao, Tao Xu, Liang Xu
DEAE-Dextran, Dextran-70 and Triton-X100, were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) was obtained from Sinopharm (Shanghai, China). ASON and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled ASON were synthesised by Beijing Dina Xingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Phthalocyanine green (CY3) was purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). All solutions were prepared with deionised water using a Milli-Q Advantage water purification system (Millipore, Billerica, MA). A PrimeScript RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser (Perfect Real Time; TaKaRa Code: DRR047A) and SYBR PremixEx Taq II (Perfect Real Time; TaKaRa Code: DRR081A) were obtained from TAKARA (Kusatsu, Japan). A CellTiter 96 AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) was obtained from Promega Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Madison, WI).