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Filler Materials: Indications, Contraindications, and Special Considerations in Oncology Patients
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
There is also a whole group of unauthorized substances injected without proper medical guidance that are part of the syndrome we know as “iatrogenic allogenosis.” In relation to the oncological patient, the main problem is the possible interaction with diagnostic methods [26], although there is also suspicion that the chronic inflammation the patient maintains may promote the triggering of cell mutations. Some articles on the use of polyacrylamide in breast reconstruction guarantee its safety, and although there is reaction to a foreign body and chronic inflammation, no atypia or changes to stromal malignancy have been found [27].
Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter spp. — Genetics of Resistance
Published in E. Bergogne-Bénézin, M.L. Joly-Guillou, K.J. Towner, Acinetobacter, 2020
A new approach was attempted to try and solubilise the proteins without a severe effect on activity. This required a less devastating denaturation of the protein than that provided by SDS. Initially, 4 M urea and Triton® X-100 2.5% were incorporated into the polyacrylamide gel matrix. However, only when the enzyme samples were solubilised with urea, Triton® X-100, B-mercaptoethanol and ampholines was focusing possible and visible with nitrocephin staining. Although separation was possible, some molecular sieving was occurring, causing distortion of the bands. This resulted from the relatively small pore size of the polyacrylamide matrix. Vecoli et al. (1983) used agarose IEF for the investigation of ß-lactamases, and Saravis and Zamcheck (1979) described thin layer IEF gels containing agarose which resolved proteins of Mr>2 × 106. However, the incorporation of urea into agarose gels lowers their mechanical strength and risks carbamylation of the proteins being studied (Olsson and Laas, 1981). These authors incorporated sorbitol and B-mercaptoethanol into their gels to overcome this problem. Therefore, gels containing sorbitol and ß-mercaptoethanol, agarose 1%, Triton® X-100 2.5% and 4 M urea were set up and tested.
Proteins and Nucleic Acids
Published in S.J. Mulé, Henry Brill, Chemical and Biological Aspects of Drug Dependence, 2019
In subsequent experiments the SPM fraction was solubilised in phenol; acetic acid (2:1, w/v) containing 5M urea, and the protein constituents fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Morphine treated rabbits received four doses over a period of 48 hours, each dose being followed by an injection into the cerebral ventricles (aqueduct) of 3H-lysine after 30 minutes. This dose regimen was shown to produce almost complete tolerance to the analgesic effects of a test dose of morphine. Control rabbits received saline in place of the morphine and 14C-lysine in place of the tritium isotope. At the end of the treatment period the hypothalamus, pons, and medulla taken from one morphine treated and one control rabbit were homogenised and fractionated together. Measurement of the relative levels of 3H to 14C in serial slices of the polyacrylamide gels failed to demonstrate any difference in amino acid incorporation caused by the morphine administration.
Hepatoprotective effect of Raspberry ketone and white tea against acrylamide-induced toxicity in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Soha M. Hamdy, Zakaria El-Khayat, Abdel Razik Farrag, Ola N. Sayed, Mervat M. El-Sayed, Diaa Massoud
Acrylamide (AA) is a major pollutant in the surrounding environment which used extensively in the manufacturing of polyacrylamide. Chemically, it is water soluble molecule of α, β-unsaturated amide (Semla et al. 2017). AA doesn’t exist naturally, it is formed in foods rich with carbohydrates and amino acids cooked at high temperature through Maillard browning reaction (Rannou et al. 2016, Murkovic and Pedreschi 2017, Acaroz et al. 2018, Erdemli et al. 2019). Oral consumption of AA reaches to the blood circulations, then dispersed to pivotal organs, and reacts with nerve cells, DNA, hemoglobin, and other crucial enzymes; causing deleterious impacts (Hamdy et al. 2017, Belhadj Benziane et al. 2019, Ige et al. 2019). The hazardous impacts of AA’s include neurotoxicity (Zhao et al. 2017, Faria et al. 2018), reproductive toxicity (Sun et al. 2018) and carcinogenicity (M. R. Khan et al.2018, de Conti et al. 2019) are due to its biotransformation to a more reactive metabolite (Semla et al. 2017, Batoryna et al. 2019).
Analysis of the acrylamide in breads and evaluation of mitochondrial/lysosomal protective agents to reduce its toxicity in vitro model
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Ahmad Salimi, Rafat Pashaei, Shahab Bohlooli, Mehrdad Vaghar-Moussavi, Jalal Pourahmad
In each country, according to published studies, the different level of acrylamide was reported in foods especially in bakery, potato, and coffee products (Claus et al.2008). There are two potential ways for exposure to acrylamide contain direct exposure through high-carbohydrate foods such as bakery and potato products and indirect exposure through food packaging with polyacrylamide (Keramat et al.2011). Also, a low level of acrylamide is detected in cigarette (1–2 µg/cigarette) (Moldoveanu and Gerardi 2011). Therefore, detection of acrylamide in food product especially in bakery products is an important solicitude for many countries. According to reported data in previous studies, it is estimated 20% of human exposure to acrylamide through baking products and bread. However, coffee and potato products were still the main sources of acrylamide (Friedman 2003). It is estimated that the average intake of acrylamide for adults is (0.3–0.6 µg/kg/day) while children are exposed with a range of 0.4–0.6 µg/kg/day of acrylamide (Zamani et al.2017). The presence of acrylamide in foods caused remarkable solicitude because acrylamide is classified by IARC as probably carcinogenic for humans at 2A group (Rice 2005). In this study, we showed a considerable amount of acrylamide in traditional breads in Ardabil city. The obtained results are consistent with other published studies (Eslamizad et al.2019). Therefore, traditional breads can be one of the main sources of acrylamide in Ardabil city and may be correlated with high number of gastrointestinal cancers in this area.
Elevated Resting and Postprandial Digestive Proteolytic Activity in Peripheral Blood of Individuals With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus, With Uncontrolled Cleavage of Insulin Receptors
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Augusta E. Modestino, Elaine A. Skowronski, Chris Pruitt, Pam R. Taub, Karen Herbst, Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein, Michael J. Heller, Paul J. Mills
Whole blood (4.0 µL) was mixed with the substrate (4.0 µL) to a final concentration of the substrate in the reaction of 0.6 mg/ml. As negative control, 1 × PBS was combined with the substrate. Positive controls consisted of a combination of known concentrations of enzyme (1000, 100, and 10 nM) and the fluorescent substrates. Reactions were allowed to proceed for 30 minutes and then 6-µL aliquots of the reaction were loaded in different lanes of 20% polyacrylamide gels (Novex, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) submerged in trisborate running buffer (0.5 × TBE; 44.5 mM, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0). The loaded gels were electrophoresed at 500 V for 12 minutes and then imaged at excitation and emission wavelengths of 302 nm and 500–580 nm, respectively (BioDoc-It M-26 transilluminator, UVP, Upland, CA). Gels were scanned (Storm 840 Workstation; Molecular Dynamics, Sunnyvale, CA) and loaded with the ImageQuant v5.2 software using fluorescence mode, high sensitivity, 100 µm pixel size, 1000 V photomultiplier tube with a 450 nm excitation filter, and a 520-nm long-pass emission filter. The fluorescence intensity of the image was determined digitally (National Institutes of Health [NIH] Image J 1.440) and calibrated with intensities by known concentrations of protease activities in each gel.