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Medicines for Weakness: 1900 to c. 1950
Published in John K. Crellin, A Social History of Medicines in the Twentieth Century, 2020
Phosphorus compounds. Skepticism about phosphorus-based medications among textbook writers and others did not dampen their popularity as over-the-counter medicines and physicians' prescriptions.126 By the final decades of the 1800s, many were established as tonics especially for "certain diseases of the nervous system that are dependent on exhaustion rather than upon organic changes,"127 and for a few other conditions, such as tuberculosis and anemia, advocated from time to time.128
Features of Lipid Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus and Ischemic Heart Disease
Published in E.I. Sokolov, Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus, 2020
The lipid triad consisting of three biochemical processes is an important biochemical link in the peroxide oxidation of lipids. The first of them includes the stage of a primary deficiency of ATP, inhibition of the cycle of tricarboxylic acids, glycolysis, ATP-dependent cation pumps, and the accumulation of fatty acids. This triggers off the second process with inhibition of the cycle of tricarboxylic acids and the appearance of a deficiency of energy-rich phosphorus compounds. The third process consists in activation and the subsequent inhibition of glycolysis, the accumulation of fatty acids that is attended by inhibition of the slow channel of the electrogenic entry of Ca2+ into the cardiac myocytes and depression of the contracting function of the myocardium. This lipid triad produces very important changes in the lipid bilayer of the membranes of the cardiac myocytes. Damage to the membranes, potentiation of the excess of catecholamines, activation of lipases and phospholipases appear. The surplus of fatty acids and lysophospholipids on the membranes is attended by activation of the peroxide oxidation of the lipids and damage to the membranes [458, 494, 498, 509, 555].
Future Developments of Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopy (MRS) in Clinical Examinations
Published in Bertil R. R. Persson, Freddy Ståhlberg, Health and Safety of Clinical NMR Examinations, 2019
Bertil R. R. Persson, Freddy Ståhlberg
With the success enjoyed by 1H-NMR imaging during the last years, and the increasing number of applications of 31P-NMR spectroscopy to human studies, it is natural to devote special attention to 31P-NMR imaging of phosphorus metabolites. Preliminary experiments with 31P imaging were performed in 1979 by Bendel et al.5 The complete NMR spectrum was broadened by a linear magnetic field and separation of the individual contributions to multiple peaks was achieved by mathematical analysis of the signals. They found, however, that at the present state of the art, in vivo imaging of all phosphorus compounds in humans is impractical.
Dual-target ligand discovery for Alzheimer’s disease: triphenylphosphoranylidene derivatives as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and β-amyloid aggregation
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Marwa El-Hussieny, Mansoura A. Abd-El-Maksoud, Fouad M. Soliman, Marwa A. Fouad, Mohamed K. El-Ashrey
Furthermore, we previously reported the discovery of a new coumarin phosphazide derivative as a selective and potent AChE and β-amyloid aggregation inhibitor40. In conjunction with this work and based on the previous facts about the importance of phosphorus compounds as inhibitor for the Alzheimer’s disease, we have synthesised some novel triphenylphosphoranylidenesilol-ylidene aniline, triphenylphosphoranylidene-silolone, triphenylphosphoranylidenebutanoates, and cyclobutenes, as AChE inhibitors. Besides, the most potent compound was assessed for its AChE/BuChE selectivity, self-induced Aβ aggregation and MMP-2 inhibition ability. In addition, the most potent compound (8c) was studied for AChE inhibition kinetics. Moreover, it was studied for neuroblastoma toxicity and its ability to ameliorate scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in rats. Then, it was subjected to a molecular docking simulation to establish its binding affinity and mode of action in the enzyme’s binding site. Finally, drug-likeness prediction was utilised to analyse the pharmacokinetic properties.
Adsorption of water pollutants using H3PO4-activated lignocellulosic agricultural waste: a mini review
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
Lawal Sirajo, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini
When the temperature is further increased, the rate of weight loss reduces substantially, and the structure begins to widen, hence developing the porosity. The crosslinking reactions promoted by phosphate esters among the cellulose fibers are predominant (Yang et al. 2020; Xu et al. 2021). They are accompanied by more chemical transformations, including dehydration, deprivation, and condensation. As the temperature of the reaction increases, the aromatic condensation reactions also take place between the adjacent molecules resulting in the development of gaseous products from the hydroaromatic structure of carbonized carbon, leading to the decreased yield of carbon (Ahmed et al. 2019). According to Myglovets et al. (2014), volatile phosphorus compounds may be formed by the following reactions at temperature >750 °C.
Toxicity of differently sized and charged silver nanoparticles to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741: a nano-biointeraction perspective
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2019
Kaja Kasemets, Sandra Käosaar, Heiki Vija, Umberto Fascio, Paride Mantecca
TEM observations revealed that differently from bPEI-coated AgNPs, citrate-coated AgNPs and exposure to AgNO3 caused an increase in the size of vacuoles (Figure 9). Similar ultrastructure changes upon exposure to AgNO3 and citrate-coated AgNPs could indicate the same mode of action of these Ag compounds. Indeed, the toxicity of 10 and 80 nm citrate-coated AgNPs was explainable by the shed Ag ions (Figure 4, Supporting Information Table S1). Vacuoles in the yeast cells are the main vesicular transport target organelles, resembling the lysosomes of the mammalian cells, having a large variety of macromolecules degrading capacity but also proteins and ions storage function (Li and Kane 2009). Increase in the size of the vacuoles is characteristic stress-response of yeast at the ionic stress conditions (Li and Kane 2009). TEM observation of 10nAg-Cit, 80nAg-Cit, and, AgNO3 exposed cells showed the presence of the dark/black electron dense area in the vacuoles (border of the vacuoles, see the white arrows in Figure 9). Silver has a high affinity for the sulfur compounds (Eckhardt et al. 2013) and the formation of silver-thiol-groups-containing proteins complexes may cause the proteins misfolding, subsequent non-functionality and degradation in the vacuoles. Moreover, silver has also high affinity to the phosphorus compounds and yeast vacuoles contain a lot of phosphorous (Li and Kane 2009). Hypothetically these black electron-dense areas in the vacuoles (Figure 9) may contain Ag-protein and Ag-phosphorous complexes.