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Potential of Pseudocereals in Celiac Disease
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Caterina Anania, Francesca Olivero
Buckwheat also contains high amount of rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside) and other polyphenols.41 As a result of their antioxidative properties, rutin, quercetin, and certain other polyphenols in buckwheat may be considered as potent anticarcinogens in the colon and other organs. In addition to this, phenolic compounds may be involved in lowering blood sugar and blood lipid levels as well as contributing to the hypocholesterolemic effect.62 As a direct result of contributing factors (such as gluten-free content, excellent nutritional value, and therapeutic features), buckwheat has a strong case for representing a valid alternative crop within a gluten-free formulation for celiac patients.
Impact of UV Radiation on the Growth and Pharmaceutical Properties of Medicinal Plants
Published in Azamal Husen, Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Deepti, Archana (Joshi) Bachheti, Kiran Chauhan, Rakesh Kumar Bachheti, Azamal Husen
Phenolics are positively associated with various health-promoting characteristics, such as antioxidative or anticarcinogenic. These chemicals invade the redox status which helps in amending the oxidative stress (Kumari et al., 2009b). Phenolics also work as UV protectors as their absorption range is between 270 and 290 nm. Eichholz et al. (2011) in blueberries and Kumari et al. (2009b) in the sweet flag have reported the enhancement of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity under UV-B stress. Flavonoids are the major UV-B-regulated phenylpropanoid derivatives, rapidly induced by UV-B exposure. Flavonoids stabilize and protect the lipid phase of the thylakoid membrane, and are quenchers of the excited triplet state of chlorophyll and singlet oxygen generated under excessive stress (Agrawal and Rathore, 2007). Psoralens are absorbed under the ultraviolet (200–320 nm) band, which is naturally occurring furocoumarins, as furocoumarins and coumarins are induced by UV radiations. This photosensitizing property of furocoumarins and coumarins is responsible for their medical importance in the treatment of many dermatological diseases, such as leprosy and psoriasis, leukoderma, vitiligo, and melanocytes formation, i.e., re-pigmentation.
(Poly)phenols in Exercise Performance and Recovery
Published in James N. Cobley, Gareth W. Davison, Oxidative Eustress in Exercise Physiology, 2022
The term phytochemical refers to compounds found in plants (Frank et al., 2019). Phytochemicals are distinguished by their chemical structures and can be sub-divided into four higher-order classes: phenols and polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids and sulphur compounds (Crozier et al., 2007). Phenols and polyphenols have received the most attention in the literature (collectively termed (poly)phenols) (Frank et al., 2019) and are abundant in fruits and vegetables, with foods such as tea, coffee, wine, grapes and cocoa being exceptionally rich sources (see Table 13.1). Although widely known as antioxidants, it is now recognized that many dietary (poly)phenols are pleiotropic compounds with a wide range of biological activities that include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, vasodilatory and chemoprotective (Pandey and Rizvi, 2009). Given their diverse functionality, it is unsurprising that interest in (poly)phenols continues to expand. In this chapter, we discuss the putative mechanisms underpinning the performance-enhancing and recovery effects of (poly)phenols, followed by a critical précis of the underlying evidence.
Antioxidant properties of polyphenols from snow chrysanthemum (Coreopsis tinctoria) and the modulation on intestinal microflora in vitro
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Minghao Zhang, Naiyu Zhao, Minhao Xie, Deqiao Dong, Weilin Chen, Yuanpeng He, Dalin Yan, Haiyan Fu, Xinlin Liang, Li Zhou
Furthermore, phenolics had effects on several metabolism pathways. At least two kinds of the compounds increased the metabolism of pyruvate, nitrogen, butanoate, glycerophospholipid, fatty acid, inorganic ion, cofactors and vitamins, taurine and hypotaurine and xenobiotics of the microbiota, and decreased the metabolism of carbohydrates (fructose, mannose and galactose metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway), amino acids (amino acid related enzymes, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, translation proteins, histidine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan and lysine biosynthesis), lipids (linoleic acid and glycerolipid metabolism), cofactors (vitamin B6 and thiamine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis), nucleic acid (RNA polymerase, DNA replication). Notably, isookanin and marein increased primary and secondary bile acids biosynthesis, biosynthesis and biodegradation of secondary metabolites and decreased the bacterial toxins. Isookanin also decreased lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
Effect of mandarin peel extract on experimentally induced arthritis in male rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2021
Hader I. Sakr, Akef A. Khowailed, Safy S. Gaber, Osama M. Ahmed, Ahmed N. Eesa
Naringin (naturally occurring compound in citrus fruits) suppressed the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the serum of arthritic rats and induced apoptosis in AIA synovial cells via the regulation of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression (Zhu et al.2015). Another postulated mechanism is via the presence of oil in mandarin peel which was found to have a wide variety of valuable properties including antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic properties, and cardio-protective effects (Tomar et al.2013). Mandarin juices reduced the mRNA expression of various cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and inflammatory enzymes (COX-2 and iNOS) (Roohbakhsh et al.2015). It has been reported that dietary phenolic compounds have pronounced anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, and immune-modulatory effects to reduce the onset of disease progression (Liu 2003). Their beneficial effects in RA derive from their ability to regulate B- and T-cell responses and the inhibition of relevant signalling pathways, such as JAK-STAT, MAPKs, and NF-κB, thereby controlling the production of some important inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, and pro-inflammatory enzymes (Hou et al.2009). Phenolic acid showed immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in AIA rats and improved the arthritic disease, reducing the macrophage phagocytic index, decreasing the expression of inflammatory mediator TNF-α, and circulating immune complexes from sera and synovial tissue (María et al.2016).
Assessment of the phenolic content, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of ethanolic extracts of stem bark and leaves from Strychnos pseudoquina A. St.-hil
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Douglas Costa Gontijo, Líria Granato Nunes, Letícia Monteiro Farias, Maria Gorette Resende Duarte, André Furtado Carvalho, Luciano Gomes Fietto, João Paulo Viana Leite
Some phenolic compounds have beneficial properties to human health. These beneficial antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, anti-estrogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties have preventive action against diseases and protect genome stability (Johnson et al.2010, Gontijo et al.2017). Table 1 shows the total polyphenol, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin contents in SSP and LSP extracts. The highest total polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations found in LSP met the HPLC chromatographic profile generated for both extracts in comparison to the ones found in SSP. The LSP chromatogram recorded a larger number of phenolic compound peaks. The pharmacological activity of different polyphenol classes is associated with the structure of these compounds; in addition, significant differences found in the flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents between SSP and LSP may be associated with the therapeutic use of S. pseudoquina.