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The Amphetamine Psychosis
Published in John Caldwell, S. Joseph Mulé, Amphetamines and Related Stimulants: Chemical, Biological, Clinical, and Sociological Aspects, 2019
John M. Davis, R. Francis Schlemmer
One of the first derivatives to appear on the market was phenmetrazine (Preludin®). Although advertised as an anorectic agent with diminished CNS stimulant properties, it was soon revealed that phenmetrazine produced potent stimulant effects when taken in large doses. Like amphetamine, phenmetrazine became a highly abused street drug in the 1960s, particularly in the Scandinavian countries. Street users learned to make solutions for i.v. injection from crushed phenmetrazine tablets. They would inject up to 25 times the recommended (oral) therapeutic dose to get a “Preludin® kick” which is comparable to the “amphetamine rush”.12 As would be predicted, reports of phenmetrazine psychosis appeared. Symptoms of phenmetrazine psychosis are essentially identical to those of amphetamine psychosis. Paranoid ideation, stereotyped behavior, hallucinations, and thought disorder have all been reported with phemetrazine psychosis.12, 31, 32 As with amphetamine, there tends to be a large individual variation in response depending on route of administration and chronicity of use.
The Texture of Psychoactive Illicit Drugs in Iran: Adulteration with Lead and other Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2018
Maryam Akhgari, Fatemeh Moradi, Parisa Ziarati
Ecstasy is manufactured as pills by mixing the active ingredients with adulterants (Palamar 2017; Rigg 2017). The results of the present study showed that ecstasy tablets not only contained 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, but also other adulterants, such as methamphetamine and heroin. In a similar vein, Khajeamiri et al. (2011) found ketamine, phenmetrazine, pseudoephedrine, caffeine, and tramadol in ecstasy tablets. Ghafari et al. (2014), in their study on ecstasy tablets in Iran, found that ecstasy tablets contained 0.5–70.7 mg of pure methylenedioxymethamphetamine.