China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Sources of Essential Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Chlodwig Franz, Johannes Novak
Essential oils of the Rutaceae family, especially citrus oils, are widely used as flavors and fragrances depending on the plant part and species: in lime leaves neral/geranial and nerol/geraniol are prevailing, whereas grapefruit leaf oil consists of sabinene and β-ocimene mainly. The peel of grapefruit contains almost limonene only and some myrcene, but lime peel oil shows a composition of β-pinene, γ-terpinene, and limonene (Gancel et al., 2002). In Phellodendron sp., Lis et al. (2004), Lis and Milczarek (2006) found that in flower and fruit oils limonene and myrcene are dominating; in leaf oils, in contrast, α-farnesene, β-elemol, or β-ocimene, are prevailing.
Efficacy, Safety, and Toxicological Aspects of Nutraceuticals
Published in Sheeba Varghese Gupta, Yashwant V. Pathak, Advances in Nutraceutical Applications in Cancer, 2019
Jayvadan K. Patel, Anita Patel
Concerning the photochemical, substantial attempt has been made to search for naturally arising compounds that may possibly helpful in the management of cancer (Kwon et al. 2007). Nexrutine is a commercially available herbal extract from the Phellodendron amurense. Isoquinoline alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and flavone glycosides are active constituents of nexrutine. A latest investigation discovered that nexrutine prevented the proliferation of lung and prostate cancer cells via the modulation of signal pathways mediated by Akt and cAMP response element binding; furthermore, its antiproliferative capabilities are analogous to those of berberine (James et al. 2011). In the mouse prostate model, nexrutine was found to be effectual against the initial stage of prostate tumor growth in addition to tumor succession in transgenic adenocarcinoma. Moreover, a recent study performed of stage II mouse skin tumorigenesis model demonstrated that nexrutine prevented the progress of skin tumorigenesis (Kumar et al. 2012). The similar group supplementary stated an antitumor effect in a tumorigenesis model of rat liver (Alam et al. 2015). In mice, only single dose of nexrutine before the use of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) considerably reduced TPA-induced skin edema, hyperplasia, incorporation of thymidine, and activity of ornithine decarboxylase (Kumar et al. 2012).
Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
There are no published studies of effects of Magnolia officinallis alone on mood in human subjects, and certainly none that formally address effects on MDD. However, there are two studies examining effects of the combination of Magnolia officinallis and Phellodendron amurense on general mood, cortisol, and stress. The earliest study showed that six weeks of administration of this herbal combination to overweight women that complained of “stress eating” had only minor effects. It reduced transitory episodes of anxiety but had no effect on long-standing feelings of anxiety or depression as measured using the Spielberger TRAIT questionnaire. It also had no effects on salivary cortisol, appetite, body morphology, or sleep. Part of these disappointing results may have been a very large dropout rate of nearly 50%.24 In a later study, four weeks of supplementation of the magnolia and phellodendron extract reduced salivary cortisol as well as significantly reducing overall stress, tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion.25
Effect of Er Miao San on peritoneal macrophage polarisation through the miRNA-33/NLRP3 signalling pathway in a rat model of adjuvant arthritis
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Min Liu, Xiangwen Meng, Zihua Xuan, Simeng Chen, Jin Wang, Zhiluo Chen, Jiayu Wang, Xiaoyi Jia
Er Miao San (EMS), from the Yuan dynasty physician Zhu Danxi’s ‘Dan Xi Xin FA’, is a formulation that contains Atractylodis Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex in 1:1 ratio. Phellodendri Cortex is the dry bark of Phellodendron Chinense Schneid (Rutaceae); and Atractylodis Rhizoma is the dry rhizome of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC (Compositae). In modern clinical practice, EMS is commonly used in the treatment of gout, RA and other inflammatory diseases. In our previous study, We found that the ethyl acetate part of EMS could effectively inhibit arthritis and improve joint pathology in rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA); further, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that berberine and atractylodin may be responsible for the antiarthritic activity of the ethyl acetate part of EMS (Dai et al. 2020; Zhang et al. 2020). However, the mechanism of action of the ethyl acetate part of EMS in RA remains unclear. Herein, we investigate the potential molecular mechanisms underlying antiarthritic effects of the ethyl acetate part of EMS.
Antithrombotic effects of Huanglian Jiedu decoction in a rat model of ischaemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral stroke
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Huan Liu, Xiaoyan Chen, Yanling Liu, Chunjuan Fang, Shaofen Chen
As a famous prescription in China, Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJJD) was found to perform neuroprotective effects with its major active compounds (containing 42.12% baicalin and 31.17% berberine), and possess cardioprotective effects via preventing pathological cardiac hypertrophy and regulating lipid metabolism (Fang et al. 2017; Chen et al. 2021). As an ancient prescription originated during the Tang Dynasty in China (618-906 A.D.), HLJJD consists of four Chinese medicines: the roots of Coptis chinensis Franch. (Ranunculaceae), roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. (Lamiaceae), dry bark of Phellodendron chinense C.K. Schneid. (Rutaceae), and ripe fruits of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (Rubiaceae). This prescription was applied extensively in clinics for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, transient cerebral ischaemia, and Alzheimer's disease in China and Japan (Zhao et al. 2014; Gu et al. 2018; Chen et al. 2021). However, its antithrombotic effects against thrombosis and platelet aggregation were uncertain, which might contribute to the effect of HLJDD in treating stroke sequelae.
Qingluoyin granules protect against adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats via downregulating the CXCL12/CXCR4-NF-κB signalling pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Min Si, Zheng Ma, Jie Zhang, Xinwei Li, Rui Li, Chao Wang, Huiyu Jia, Shengyong Luo
The current study examined the anti-arthritic activities of QLY granules, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula used in the treatment of Hot Syndrome-related rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Network pharmacology studies (Zhang et al. 2013) have found that QLY exerts anti-rheumatoid arthritis effects through inhibiting angiogenesis and inflammatory response. In addition, the TCM compatibility emphasizes Sovereign-Minister-Assistant-Envoy (Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi in Chinese) with proper herbs for enhancing efficiency and reducing toxicity (Fan et al. 2006). The Jun herb, Sophora flavescens, targets the main causes of RA, for example, inflammatory response, immune response, and angiogenesis. The Chen herb, Sinomenium acutum, serves to augment the anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenesis effects of Jun. Phellodendron chinensis has anti-inflammatory, anti-gout effects, which relieves the symptoms of RA during active periods. Phellodendron chinensis and Dioscorea collettii are ZuoShi herbs, which can be used to modulate the therapeutic effects of Jun-Chen herbs, counteracting the side effects of Sophora flavescens possibly by targeting some off-target genes. It has been detected that (Yang 2010) the main bioactive ingredients in QLY could be matrine, berberine, sinomenine, and their derivatives, as they are main chemical ingredients from major components in QLY, which have direct access to the circulation after oral administration.