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Infection prevention and control
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Enhanced or additional ‘cleaning’ may be recommended by your IPC team in certain circumstances such as during outbreaks or when caring for individuals with C. difficile or CPE. This ‘enhanced cleaning’ may involve supplementary disinfection using products such as hydrogen peroxide or ultra-violet light (Wilson 2019).
Prevention of Microbial Contamination during Manufacturing
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
Hydrogen peroxide also can be used as a sanitizer because it has bactericidal, fungicidal and sporicidal activity and can be purchased as a 35% stable solution, though it is not widely used (82). Hydrogen peroxide use concentration and contact time is between 1% and 35% and 30 minutes. The disadvantage is that it is highly reactive and is less stable in the presence of light.
Leg ulcers: diagnostic approach and management
Published in Robert A. Norman, Geriatric Dermatology, 2020
A. I. Rojas, Y. M. Bello, T.J. Phillips
Topical antiseptic agents are cytotoxic in vitro and potentially sensitizing39,40. The use of hexachlorophene, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, gentian violet and alcohol should be discouraged on open wounds. Hydrogen peroxide has a transient antimicrobial activity and although toxic for fibroblasts in vitro did not impair wound healing in vivo37,41. Ethanoic (acetic) acid is very useful for the treatment of ulcers colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, in concentrations of 0.25% it impairs wound healing when compared with normal saline treated wounds41. Cadexomer iodine is an antiseptic that releases iodine at low concentrations which do not appear to be toxic in vivo42–44. Cadexomer iodine appears to be a safe alternative to hydrocolloids and paraffin gauze dressings in the treatment of venous leg ulcers, especially for highly exudative wounds45,46.
Debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) is successful in the management of acutely infected unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a case series
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Angela Brivio, Talal Al-Jabri, Jurgen Martin, David Barrett, Nicola Maffulli
All centres use a solution including hydrogen peroxide to lavage the knee. This was selected to ensure satisfactory antimicrobial activity and minimal tissue and implant toxicity. The commonly used 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide has broad antimicrobial activity in vitro, with its greatest effect on gram-positive organisms, a feature especially relevant in this context. There are a number of mechanisms for hydrogen peroxide-mediated antimicrobial activity (e.g. oxidation of proteins, lipids, DNA damage etc) [29–32]. In the presence of orthopaedic implants, peroxide can reduce biofilm formation by bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis [31]. Additionally, the effect on implants is minimal [33]. These modern techniques and the selective and controlled nature of this study may explain why the reported success of DAIR is higher than previously recorded.
Nonpregnant and pregnant adult female rats affected by maternal diabetes environment
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Verônyca Gonçalves Paula, Maysa Rocha de Souza, Yuri Karen Sinzato, Ana Izabel Silva Balbin Villaverde, José Eduardo Corrente, Gustavo Tadeu Volpato, Débora Cristina Damasceno
Pregnancy per se is a state of oxidative stress due to increased metabolic activity in placental mitochondria and reduced scavenging power of antioxidants (Myatt and Cui 2004). The increased oxygen demand during gestation results in an increase of peroxide products proportionally to the mechanisms of antioxidant defense (Gitto et al. 2002; Spada et al. 2014). The ROS elimination is carried out by the action of three main enzymes: SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, which differ in their distribution and type of reaction catalyzed (Cederberg et al. 2000). The SOD catalyzes the conversion of superoxide ions to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (Weydert and Cullen 2010; Liu et al. 2015). On the other hand, the CAT enzyme, mainly distributed to peroxisomes, catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen. The GSH-Px activity reduces hydrogen peroxide to water using GSH (Cederberg et al. 2000).
Viricidal treatments for prevention of coronavirus infection
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2020
Manoj Khokhar, Dipayan Roy, Purvi Purohit, Manu Goyal, Puneet Setia
Hydrogen peroxide has been used for its antiseptic properties since the 1800s [42]. Initially, H2O2 was used as a disinfectant, and it is used at various concentrations to disinfect materials such as drinking water, medical equipment, and septic tank waste. Free hydroxyl radicals react with lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, cleavage of the RNA and DNA backbone, oxidation, causing denaturation of proteins, disruption of biological membranes and sulfhydryl bonds in proteins and enzymes [43]. High concentrations of H2O2 can counter the decrease in efficacy when it gets degraded in water and oxygen with the presence of catalase. High temperatures are also needed as a crucial factor with increased H2O2 concentrations [44,45]. Recently, in a study conducted on 73 N95 masks from five different models, Cramer et al. have shown that ionized H2O2 technology Stera-Mist is effective in sterilizing N95 masks [46].